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August 08, 2021 by Sailing Sisu | Language: EN Play Time: 00:16:23 | SAILING YOUTUBERS
With all the commotion going on regarding faulty bulkheads, we decided to check Sisu’s bulkheads. Petro is all alone on board in hurricane season and zone, will it be safe for her to sail to safety should a hurricane approach?
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Clients often debate about which of the production catamaran brands to purchase. Is there a significant difference between a Fountain-Pajot, Lagoon, and Leopard? After an 11 day delivery of a Leopard 46 from Fort Lauderdale to Cartagena, Colombia and a delivery of a Lagoon 440 in March from Fort Lauderdale to Annapolis , in many respects the Leopard out classed the Lagoon including performance, durability, and comfort. My colleague and super star sailor Kevin Bray lauded the Leopard throughout the delivery. “After working on this boat for 3 months and now sailing her, I can honestly say I like this Leopard 46 design, and there are not a lot of boats that I can say that about,” shared Kevin. In a few areas, I give the edge to Lagoon. Read on to see which.
John Robertson and the late Jerry Caine founded the manufacturer Robertson & Caine in 1991 in Cape Town, South Africa. Initially, the business involved custom mono-hull sailing yacht building. The 70ft maxi, Broomstick, won the Cape to Rio International Yacht Race in 1993 and impressed international racing enthusiasts. This interest enabled the company to be awarded the licence to manufacture the Mumm 36 racer designed by Bruce Farr and attracted the interest of the yacht charter company Tui Marine.
Since 1994 the South African yard has enjoyed a relationship with Tui Marine, owner of charter companies Moorings and Sunsail. R&C has supplied more than 800 Leopard catamarans to Tui Marine. The Leopard historical range includes 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, and 62-foot models by naval architects Gino Morrelli and Pete Melvin or Alexander Simonis and Maarten Voogd. Today, Robertson & Caine is South Africa’s largest boat-building exporter launching on average three boats a week. Cruising World recently awarded their new Leopard 44, their 2012 cruising boat of the year.
In the same way Lagoons are easily identified by their vertical saloon windows, Leopards have distinct steps in front of their windows for deck manoeuvrability. The 46 is sexy to my eye with her aggressive, possibly feline side windows. These windows are paired with the typical fine bows, trampoline centerline forward, and sugar scoop sterns aft. Large, industrial dingy davits leave you feeling safe on the high seas with your tender tightly secured. The helm positioning is like the Lagoon 420 instead of the 440, offset portside. This provides more security though I enjoyed the high positioned, flybridge of the 440 while in close quarters or docking.
Underneath the bridgedeck has above average clearance for offshore performance. There is an escape hatch centerline just below the entranceway. The keels are sacrificial and secured via large diameter horizontal keel bolts. These bolts corrode but are easily maintained if you check on them after each haul. The Yanmar saildrives stick through the bottom next and help Robertson & Caine maximize interior space. Spade rudders are aftmost.
I heard a story about Moorings whose US sales office is at Harbortown next door to our office here in Dania Beach, Florida. Originally they chartered in the Caribbean both Lagoon and Leopard catamarans. But they found that the Lagoons did not hold up and that the higher quality build of the Leopards maximised their profits. From my comparison in every respect, Leopard makes the choice towards higher quality materials, more sophisticated techniques, or more robust engineering. One thing to look at are the edges on the laminated cabinetry. More often than not Leopard finished out the edges to prevent water intrusion while Lagoon rarely does. It is these kind of small yet important things on yachts that differentiates quality which can withstand the many years of cruising abuse.
On deck the Leopard 46 features watertight compartments port and starboard for storage. Aft of the trampoline is the windlass, water tankage, sail storage, and generator compartments. The generator in its sound proof shield aboard the yacht I delivered was incredibly quiet. For security at the mast, I love Robertson & Caine’s semicircle support on the mast. Like granny bars this helps you stay on the boat in rough conditions offshore. It also is a step to help climb the mast and a rack to coil and tie the bitter end of halyard lines to. The distinctive and functional Leopard glass steps allow you to easily mount the rooftop. While anchored at Staniel Cay, I ignored the “Do Not Dive From Platform” sign and had great fun launching myself from 15-feet in the air and swan diving in between the davits into the beautiful, azure Bahamian waters.
The cockpit aboard the Leopard 46 is incredible and illustrates why people love catamarans. While on a mono-hull you would spend your time cramped in a long narrow cockpit, here you can luxuriously lay out in an incredible number of ergonomic spots. We dined, navigated, and fished from the cockpit. In the Caribbean, we were rarely inside except to sleep, navigate from the nav station, or cook. The stern swim platforms provide easy access to the water and a place to cleanly gut fish.
One feature Lagoon has over Leopard is a lighter interior. While the Leopard is open and light, Lagoon takes this to another level with the vertical, uninhibited windows. Leopard has those steps which block light and visibility from the interior. The woodwork is lighter on Lagoons as well which often draws a quiet preference from clients.
Catamaran layouts are mostly the same these days. Sure some cats have galleys down, but by and large especially on larger cats, the galley up arrangement is standard. I sailed to Colombia aboard the owner version of the Leopard 46 where the starboard hull has a large master head forward and light and airy master berth aft. This owner suite makes a big difference for clients who are dislike the dark, closed in feel of the 2 head, 2 stateroom charter hull.
One of my biggest complaints during my earlier delivery of the Lagoon 440 to Annapolis was the low and uncomfortable nav station seat. I was pleased to experience on the Leopard a proper height and ergonomical seat with multiple seating options, likewise for the exterior helm. It did not hurt that the Leopard owner had made some savvy upholstery decisions to heighten the comfort factor.
The engines are Volvo D55, Yanmar 4JH3E, or Yanmar’s latest saildrives, the 54HP Yanmar 4JH4’s. Our 4JH4 ran smoothly throughout our trip. The only catch was an unusual buzzing sound. We finally figured out that this happened when when boat speed outpaced engine speed. The saildrives were telling us “what the hell are you doing? Either ramp up the RPM’s or turn me off.” We motored at 7 to 8 knots at 2,000 RPM’s burning about .9 gal/hour of diesel.
I prefer the Leopard’s engine room arrangement. While overlaying the engine rooms on Lagoons are plywood laminated levels, the Leopard has open compartments with a single removable glass board across. Storage for gerry cans is available behind the engines. This space fits 3 easy and maybe a fourth can. We had a little trouble with a leaky gas jug which would have been dangerous if the compartment was not so well ventilated.
During the delivery I had some of the best catamaran sailing ever I have experienced. The smooth motion and minimal slapping even in 10-foot seas and a line squall was the best takeaway from the delivery. Through the windward passage and most of the Caribbean passage, we had 10 to 20 knots of north east wind and following seas. When light we put up the gennaker for a day and a half and made 6 to 7 knots in 5 to 15 knots downwind. As the wind picked up, we put out the jib and main and made 7 or even 8 knots consistently. Our last night in somewhat squally conditions we hit a very unsafe 12 knots before blowing the jib. Upwind we could sail at a reasonable clip of 6 knots up to 60 degrees off apparent wind. Otherwise as we were in delivery mode, we kicked on the iron genny, blew the sails, and motored at 7+ knots.
The premier you pay for a Leopard versus a Lagoon is justified, and for offshore sailing, I would recommend the Leopard. The softer offshore performance, high quality materials, and navigation station comfort give the Leopard my edge. The Lagoon has better interior space, visibility, and airiness. Expect to pay around $600k versus $500k for a late model Leopard 46 compared to an equivalent Lagoon 440.
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D avid Shih has quite a story to tell. The boat of his dreams brought on a nightmare of repair work—and YouTube fame. Shih isn’t alone, at least in the nightmare part. Shih’s story is one of many about bulkhead problems on the Lagoon 450 catamaran that have gotten widespread attention online. The attention persuaded Lagoon, a brand owned by Beneteau, a French public limited corporation (SA) that is one of the world’s most famous boatbuilders, to take action.
At first Shih noticed the interior joinery had shifted. Then the rigging got loose. Eventually he worked up the courage to look in the corners of the engine room, behind lockers, and even removed some trim. Cracks were everywhere—in bulkheads, in stringers, and in floors.
The most obvious failure was in the main bulkhead, the massive lateral bulkhead located near the mast that ties both hulls and the main cabin together. Shaped like a flattened upside-down U, this is one of the most important structural elements in a catamaran, preventing the hulls from bowing outward under rigging loads, or twisting excessively in a cross sea.
Shih was nearly certain that the trouble he found wasn’t caused by some prior damage. He noticed parts of the main bulkhead that were only partially bonded to the hull structures. He found bulkheads and stringers that were simply glued rather than taped and glassed into place. It was the sort of construction that one sees in a travel trailer, but doesn’t belong in offshore boat construction. His suspicions were confirmed when he got in contact with other owners whose boats had no history of collision or grounding, or conditions that a sailor would regard as extreme. They, too, discovered warped and fractured main bulkheads.
According to Shih, at first, there was hesitancy among the owners to talk openly about the problems. Reveal flaws in your boat and resale value can plummet. In the case of a large catamaran, a serious flaw could mean tens of thousands of dollars in lost value.
Not surprisingly, even owners of other Lagoon models that showed no signs of weakness or damage, objected to open discussion of the bulkheads in the 450 model. They feared their boats would be devalued by association. So the problem, which first came to light in 2020, did not immediately get widespread attention.
When dozens of owners voiced their concerns on YouTube, Facebook, or other social media outlets, Lagoon’s Brand Director Thomas Gailly took heed, and the company put together a Lagoon 450 Support page ( www.cata-lagoon.com/en/lagoon-450-support ) addressing their concerns. They also prepared a repair kit to stiffen the main bulkhead, and published guidance on how to install the repair kit. It was a major repair that required removing a great deal of interior trim.
When buying a new fiberglass boat, it is reasonable for an owner to assume the basic structural integrity—hull, deck, and bulkheads—will remain intact for about 30 years, assuming we don’t expose it to extreme conditions that will overstress the boat (a hard grounding, for example). Lagoon’s response to the bulkhead debacle suggests that abuse as defined in the owners manual may be a cause for some of the failures.
The following are some of Lagoon’s examples of “abnormal” use of the boat, which according to Lagoon, could overstress the hull and eventually lead to the sort of damage that owners have been reporting in the Lagoon 450.
• Sailing with more sail area than allowed on the Owner’s Manual sailing advice.
• Powering against sea and wind for a long time at 30-degrees off the true wind.
• Sailing in very shallow waters to a point where waves could end up in occasional groundings.
• Anchoring in very shallow waters to a point where waves could end up in occasional groundings.
• Grounding.
• Tightening the rig out of the mast manufacturer specification.
• Improper haul out and storage.
Yes, catamarans flex more than monohulls. Beating into seas generates powerful torque on the hull. But cheap plywood with a low thickness to cord ratio and no edge flange is not the way to build the main bulkhead on a 45-foot catamaran, in our view.
In most of the cases we reviewed it seems very unlikely that the failures were due to extraordinary circumstances—a bone jarring grounding, hurricane damage, or being dropped from a Travelift, etc. By all appearance, it seems the normal stress and strain that a boat encounters at sea was simply too much for some of these boats. It is worth noting that this is the sort of stress and strain that Lagoon’s other models seem to shrug off without significant damage.
Because of a natural tendency among owners to handle things quietly, no one is quite sure how widespread the problem is. According to Lagoon’s website, about 1,100 hulls were built from 2010 to early 2020 when the line was discontinued. As of August 2021, Lagoon said it had been contacted by 155 owners, and that 50 boats with bulkhead-related problems were being repaired or had been already repaired. Although we requested them, updated numbers were not provided to PS at the time of this publication.
The repaired boats all showed the same bulkhead vulnerabilities, and whether the weakness became apparent often depended on age, construction details, and how the boat was sailed. No sunk or abandoned boats have been blamed on these failures. Lagoon reinforced the passageway beam in models built after 2012, but admitted no flaws, describing the change as a typical in a boat model’s production cycle.
It appears several causes are at work. Ruling out extreme events, the failures we observed are likely related to under-engineering, material selection, or quality control at the factory.
Poor bonding. Many of the bulkheads pulled away from the hull or adjacent structure without signs of wood failure. It appears the glue did not bond properly. This suggests a lack of surface preparation before bonding.
Weak material. Several cases of buckling bulkheads that we’ve reviewed suggest the use of materials that were not capable of withstanding prolonged ocean sailing loads. In short, the bulkhead plywood laminate was too weak.
Anticipating the loads on a main bulkhead of a cruising catamaran is not rocket science. The loads can be simulated by computer and the required strength to withstand such loads has been published in engineering manuals for more than 100 years.
Based on what we’ve been able to discern from photos taken by owners, the plywood used in the bulkheads of the Lagoon 450 appears to be a more economical variety, not the high-quality, high-density, high-strength marine grade plywood that would be preferable in a structural bulkhead.
As for Lagoon’s repair plan, sandwiching the weakened bulkhead section with new plywood as a repair— initially suggested by Lagoon—strikes us as a band-aid solution that does not solve the underlying problem. Without further FEA analysis, any underlying engineering problems are speculative.
Eventually, Lagoon mounted a strong response. They offered to inspect the forward bulkhead (only one of the common failure locations) at no cost if the boat was brought to an authorized dealer or service center. If cracked, the bulkhead would be repaired by sandwiching the fractured section in what amounts to a mechanical splint. Additional plywood would stiffen and straighten the bowed or broken structure.
If the boat is still covered by the three-year warranty, the full cost of the repair will be covered. If the boat is out of warranty, only the labor will be covered by the repair. The repair is guaranteed for one year. Lagoon says it is responding to every owner, even those whose boat’s do not show signs of bulkhead damage.
Lagoon had the original designer perform finite element analysis on the main beam design only. According to Lagoon, this analysis found that this structure had an adequate safety factor to withstand predicted loads. The analysis assumes there are no factory flaws. Notably, it did not predict the failures experienced by owners, nor did it describe the impact of a bulkhead failure on surrounding structures.
Other bulkheads and structures were not included in this finite element analysis, and a hull bulkhead does not function in isolation. If parts of the design were either under-engineered or poorly executed, a subsequent FEA would help identify these weak points.
Lagoon owners said they were told that because the boat must flex, some “settling” will occur. It is true that flexing can be expected, but based on what we’ve observed in the damaged boats, Lagoon’s bulkhead is a brittle design that is bound to crack. A flexible structure is not a weak structure, but one that can absorb loads without cracking.
Lagoon contends that the design itself is not flawed. Among other things, they point to their long history in the demanding charter industry as evidence of their robust specifications.
How concerned should 450 owners and prospective buyers be? Designed for charter use, these boats have more miles under them than any other cruising cat of similar size. But if you are buying one, have the surveyor crawl in and inspect every corner. Remove the covers and inspect the forward bulkheads. If they have been repaired, that’s probably good. Owners who see any sign of over-stress or suspect a weakness at the bulkhead should contact Lagoon.
Lagoon’s long history in the charter trade is proof that the company knows how to build boats that can handle abuse. And the company appears to be making an earnest effort to keep owners happy.
The Lagoon 450 has a lot going for it in terms of easy handling and comfort. However, sound engineering and quality control during construction should always take priority over cosmetics. This becomes especially important as the market demands faster, lighter boats (see “ Multihull Madness ,” March 2017).
Favoring quality construction over creature comforts is never a mistake, and sometimes that means buying a smaller boat, or an older, well-maintained one built to a higher standard.
I n 2006, PS editor Darrell Nicholson was invited by the South African government to tour the plants of several big-name multihull boatbuilders, including Robertson and Caine, Voyage, Admiral, and Two Oceans. Nicholson’s photos taken during tour help illustrate the details of catamaran construction relevant to the Lagoon 450. Writer Nigel Calder describes a more recent visit in ProBoat magazine ( www.proboat.com/2019/07/south-african-boatbuilders-revisited/ ).
1. Bulkheads on a Moorings charterboat are bonded in place before the interior modules are installed. Arrows indicate hot spots where load is concentrated.
2. A partial bulkhead is hand-laminated on the floor at a South African builder. Loads can concentrate at corners in the bulkhead.
3. An interior view of a catamaran under construction shows where the bulkhead has been bonded in place with some tabbing.
4. Both plywood and end-grain balsa core stiffen this main bulkhead which shows a desirable, low-resin matrix in the fiberglass laminate.
Editors note: The following excerpt is from the website that Lagoon set up to address questions about bulkhead failures on the Lagoon 450 ( www.cata-lagoon.com/en/lagoon-450-support ) .
F irst of all, we want to reassure every owner of a Lagoon 450: we do guarantee you that safety and navigability of your boat are preserved whatever the state of your forward bulkhead be.
This guarantee is based on the results of the study we undertook in March 2021, after we realized that there were several Lagoon 450 affected by a forward bulkhead issue. We actually started analyzing the cases reported to us, with some new calculations based on latest available tools, to understand causes and potential impacts of deformed or broken forward bulkhead.
To ensure the reliability of this Finite Element Analysis, we asked VPLP, one of the most renowned international team of naval architects and designers, to review our calculations and results, which they did. They reached the same conclusions as us: there is no safety issue when navigating with a broken or deformed bulkhead. Potential damages on forward bulkhead could not lead to neither dismasting nor any risk for the crew.
How did we come to this conclusion? The forward bulkhead is located in front of the saloon area and is divided into two main areas with different roles:
• The most important one is the central area which withstands 100% of mast compression. This area is stiff and solid. Only this part of the bulkhead has these functions. It cannot be affected by a bulkhead deformation.
• The side parts of the front bulkhead support most of the sea twist effects causing, in a fair number of boats, buckling on its door side. This side part is less rigid to be able to react and guarantee a certain flexibility to the structure of the boat.
A bulkhead is also present in the aft of the boat. This is much less stressed, and it is also rather flexible so it can evolve through navigation time, like many other parts of the boat.
As you may know, at the dock, the mast compression is at least around 9 tons for Lagoon 450. When sailing, this compression increases. So, for the mast to come out of its mast foot would require that the whole boat flex above overall limit of materials: basically, it would mean that the boat breaks apart which has never been the case on cruising catamaran history.
Consequently, we can reassure you that forward bulkhead issue is not a safety issue. It still may become unpleasant if the reinforcement is made late, since bent or buckling bulkhead will only transfer the stress elsewhere.
Flexibility is inherent to the boat’s construction: reinforcing, straightening up or repairing the sides of the bulkhead will still contribute to preserve it and to get the most from your boat, this is why we recommend doing so. Reinforcement, however, will not (and should not), completely remove the flex, as wear naturally comes from boats’ use, just as flexibility: it is and will remain normal to make layout adjustments over time.
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Cruisers & Sailing Forums > The Fleet > Manufacturers Forums > Leopard Catamarans, Robertson & Caine Leopard 40: Bulk heads Click Here to Login Register Vendors Vendor Deals & Promos FAQ Community Calendar Today's Posts Search Log in Social Groups Pictures & Albums Members List Meet the Mods Meet the Advisors Signup for The Daily Cruiser Email ...
Bulkhead Compression on Leopard 40. I'm under contract to purchase a 2006 Leopard 40. During the recent survey, the surveyor pointed out some moderate compression and cracking around the bulkheads. Some of wood trim was bulging out above the doors and the paneling was displaced by out 1/2 inch in places. Also, there are some places in the ...
Leopard early 46 bulkhead strenthening 1 - 10 of 10 1
Background: 38 foot (11.55 m) European production catamaran that was built in 2003. Solid polyester/vinylester hull below the waterline with core on the sides above the waterline and a balsa cored deck (note, I still need to open up a section and positively identify the core material used in the side hulls, but let's say balsa for now).
With all the commotion going on regarding faulty bulkheads, we decided to check Sisu's bulkheads. Petro is all alone on board in hurricane season and zone, ...
Leopards are listed under production boats, but claim to be superior build and price - new and used -appears to reflect that. Willing to pay that extra 20% for a used, as we will be looking at a 10-15 year old boat. Will not buy one that was in a charter fleet. Thoughts on Leopards. Not trying to pick on other brands.
Cracked Bulkhead Modules?!?! | Leopard Catamarans New Warranty System & Travelsketch Statement Travel Sketch 7.35K subscribers Subscribed 432 11K views 2 days ago TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
Leopard 40 Review and Common Problems. Leopard began their sailing catamaran line-up with a cruise-worthy 45-foot catamaran. When the charter industry took notice, they requested smaller sailing cats for their fleets, so Leopard provided the 38-foot model, as well as a 42-foot model. In 2004, Leopard partnered with designers Morelli & Melvin ...
Leopard didn't start small, but rather, began their sailing catamaran line-up with a 45-foot catamaran in 1997 before moving to the Leopard 38 in 1998. All total, they built 124 Leopard 38s. The Leopard 38 (also branded as the Sunsail 384), was designed by Morrelli & Melvin, who have designed some of the fastest multihulls to glide across an ocean. No stranger to design awards, M&M's ...
Posted June 10, 2021. Lagoons & more commonly Fontaine Pajot cats have a lot of issues around global structure, or lack of. Looking from the aft cabin to the bow with only a couple of poorly designed & constructed bulkheads gives lovely flow, aesthetics etc, but is not conducive to holding a cat together.
There's a guy from Western Australia who says he's repaired 14 Lagoon catamarans (different models, including 410, 420, and 450) with these bulkhead issues. But what was more interesting was Catamaran Impi's comment. The guy said he's seen the issue in all the production cats, including the FPs, Leopards and Lagoons.
The Saba 50 for instance has the 75's. The D2-55' are the Turbo version without the Turbo so near bulletproof and overbuilt. The L-48 is a bit under powered IMO with Yamaha 56's. And Yamaha says they will not take a turbo.. It is a 6 knot boat on one engine... My smaller Helia 44 is a 7 knot boat on one engine.
Catamarans are popular with boat owners due to their excellent performance, stability, comfort, and airy living spaces. Leopard catamarans boast a long tradition of producing easy-to-handle vessels with spacious layouts and superior cruising capabilities. You've probably heard a thing or two about these popular boats, but let's get the real deal about them in this review. Leopard ...
Now had we progressed with a Leopard we could have chosen a different design, not all of their models have this feature - the sunken lounge was simply indicative of the then thinking - which might have extended to other characteristics of which we had only superficial exposure.
A common issue that may arise in a survey is called a cracked bulkhead. When this happens there is some confusion as to what this means for catamaran buyers and sellers alike.
Leopard early 46 bulkhead strenthening Hoss Saunders <hosso1@...> #28532 Hi there, buying one of the early leopard 46 and wondering about strengthening the main beam and the rear bulkhead. I am formulating ideas to continue the sale, but any examples and successful methods would be appreciated.
With all the commotion going on regarding faulty bulkheads, we decided to check Sisu's bulkheads. Petro is all alone on board in hurricane season and zone, will it be safe for her to sail to safety should a hurricane approach? A big shoutout to all our subscribers, you guys rock! And to y'all not yet subscribed, please hit that RED SUBSCRIBE (it's free) then the BELL (it's free too) so that ...
Location: Steamboat Springs, co. Boat: Knysna 480. Posts: 94. former leopard 46 owner. I bought leopard 46 hull #5. I kept it in the USVI until I sold it in May of this year. It had quality issues that were too numerous to list, not the least of which were due to the Volvo saildrives.
The softer offshore performance, high quality materials, and navigation station comfort give the Leopard my edge. The Lagoon has better interior space, visibility, and airiness. Expect to pay around $600k versus $500k for a late model Leopard 46 compared to an equivalent Lagoon 440. Catamaran Reviews.
We fix the biggest problem with our Leopard catamaran and fiberglass in our life raft hatch after we nearly lost our life raft at sea. A local boatbuilder Don helps us glass a new panel and gives ...
Originally Posted by ReneJK. now normally i am not an alarmist but recently there has been a thread on the facebook 450 owners group where several owners of 450 f/s have reported broken bulkheads , ages 2011 - 2018 o. Owner in this picture is in big problem. Only solution return everthing, good insurance and wait gale 10 and go hard sailing in ...
David Shih's catamaran Epic (on right) is back in Kemah, Texas, where he is now rebuilding a modified interior. David Shih has quite a story to tell. The boat of his dreams brought on a nightmare of repair work—and YouTube fame. Shih isn't alone, at least in the nightmare part. Shih's story is one of many about bulkhead problems on the ...
Re: Steel beams in the Leopards. Two points on this: 1. Corrosion is not an issue if the steel is properly prepped and coated. As a previous poster noted, steel is the most common material used in the marine environment today. The technology for using it successfully is fully developed. 2.