19th century
Demographics, attractions, twin towns – sister cities, notable people, external links.
Year | ||
---|---|---|
1897 | 16,000 | — |
1926 | 49,000 | +206.2% |
1939 | 135,000 | +175.5% |
1959 | 196,190 | +45.3% |
1970 | 205,307 | +4.6% |
1979 | 209,495 | +2.0% |
1989 | 225,797 | +7.8% |
2002 | 222,592 | −1.4% |
2010 | 239,987 | +7.8% |
2021 | 226,452 | −5.6% |
Source: Census data |
It was previously known as Alexandro-Grushevskaya (until 1867), [2] Gornoye Grushevskoye Poseleniye (until 1881), [2] Alexandrovsk-Grushevsky (until 1920). [2]
In the beginning of the 19th century [2] sergeant-major Popov founded [ citation needed ] on the Grushevka River a Cossack stanitsa of Alexandro-Grushevskaya ( Александро-Грушевская ). [2] While the exact reasoning behind this name is unclear, it is possible that the name was given in honor of Emperor Alexander I . [2] Twelve Cossacks and fourteen peasant serfs lived in the stanitsa at that time. [ citation needed ] By the mid-19th century, fifty-seven coal mines operated in this area. [2] In 1867, it was granted town status and renamed Gornoye Grushevskoye Poseleniye ( Горное Грушевское Поселение ). [2] The name was changed to Alexandrovsk-Grushevsky ( Александровск-Грушевский ) in 1881. [2]
By 1914, the population had reached 54,000. The main source of income was coal mining , which had been carried out in that region since the end of the 18th century. The population was poor, but the town had rail, telegraph and telephone networks, electricity and plumbing as well as libraries, hospitals and a post office. 1917 saw the city change hands three times, until it was taken on April 28, 1919, by the Don Army , under General Aleksandr Fitskhelaurov [ ru ] . For twenty months it was independent of the Bolsheviks , but was ravaged by typhoid .
In 1920, the city was given its present name. [2] The name, which literally means mines in Russian, was chosen due to the strong association with coal mining. [2] In 1920–24 Shakhty was part of Donetsk Governorate of the Ukrainian SSR . During the 1920s, many of the churches and the archives were destroyed. In 1928, the city was the location of the Shakhty Trial , a precursor of the show trials of the 1930s.
In 1941, an independent Cossack republic had been declared in Shakhty although this was suppressed by the NKVD before the Russian invasion. [9] In July 22, 1942, during the Great Patriotic War , the city was occupied by the Germans ; many coal pits and buildings were blown up by the Germans during their retreat in February 12, 1943. Twenty-nine of the townsmen were awarded the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union .
In 1948, production levels in the mines reached what they had been before the war. During the Leonid Brezhnev years, the city was at the height of its development, with a population of over 250,000, and about ten million tons of coal being mined each year.
In the 1970s and 1980s, the city was the scene of many of Andrei Chikatilo 's murders.
Perestroika proved devastating for the city, as mines were privatized and shut down, causing massive unemployment, which led to a severe rise in crime and drug abuse. Today's Shakhty is the main industrial center of the Eastern Donbas . The city is also one of the main producers and exporters of tile in Eastern Europe.
Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is incorporated as Shakhty Urban Okrug —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . [1] As a municipal division , this administrative unit also has urban okrug status. [5]
The city's population was 239,987 as of the 2010 Census ; [4] up from 222,592 recorded in the 2002 Census . [10] As of the 1989 Census , the population was 225,797. [11]
There are several monuments and historical sites in Shakhty.
The monument was built by Yuri Alekseevich Levochkin. [12] Its pedestal is made of dark granite , and the statue itself is cast from bronze . The lower half stand 5.7 meters high, and the figure of Alexander II is another 2.4 meters. On the front side, there is an engraving in gold letters that reads, "Alexander II. Tsar the Liberator". Viewed from the back, there is a brief biographical note on the ruler—"Emperor Alexander II abolished serfdom in Russia in 1861 and freed millions of peasants from centuries of slavery, conducted military and judicial reforms, introduced the system of local self-government, city dumas and local administrations, brought to an end the long-lasting Caucasian War , and liberated the Slavic peoples from the Ottoman yoke. He was killed on March 1, 1881 and was a victim of a terrorist." [13] [14]
The monument was erected on an initiative of the Historical Council of the City of Shakhty.
Shakhty is twinned with: [18]
Novocherkassk is a city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located near the confluence of the Tuzlov and Aksay Rivers, the latter a distributary of the Don River. Novocherkassk is best known as the cultural capital of the Cossacks, and as the official capital of the Don Cossacks. Population: 168,746 (2010 Russian census) ; 170,822 (2002 Census) ; 187,973 (1989 Soviet census) .
Volgodonsk is a city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located in the east of the oblast on the west bank of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir. Population: 170,841 (2010 Russian census) ; 165,994 (2002 Census) ; 175,593 (1989 Soviet census) ; 28,000 (1970).
Novoshakhtinsk is a mining city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, within 20 kilometres of the Dovzhansky border crossing to Ukraine.
Donetsk is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the Seversky Donets River on the border with Ukraine. By road it is located 388 kilometres (241 mi) west of Volgograd. Population: 50,098 (2010 Russian census) ; 48,040 (2002 Census) ; 48,673 (1989 Soviet census) ; 38,000 (1970). It was previously known as Gundorovka.
Bataysk is a city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) southwest of Rostov-on-Don. Population: 126,988 (2021 Census) ; 111,843 (2010 Russian census) ; 107,438 (2002 Census) ; 91,930 (1989 Soviet census) .
Kamensk-Shakhtinsky is a town in Rostov Oblast, located on the Seversky Donets River. Population: 95,296 (2010 Russian census) ; 75,632 (2002 Census) ; 72,379 (1989 Soviet census) .
Krasny Sulin is a town and the administrative center of Krasnosulinsky District in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located in the Donets Basin region. Population: 40,866 (2010 Russian census) ; 44,187 (2002 Census) ; 43,133 (1989 Soviet census) .
Semikarakorsk is a town and the administrative center of Semikarakorsky District in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Don River, 137 kilometers (85 mi) northeast of Rostov-on-Don, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 23,884 (2010 Russian census) ; 23,473 (2002 Census) ; 22,704 (1989 Soviet census) .
Proletarsk is a town and the administrative center of Proletarsky District in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the Manych River, on the Rostov-on-Don–Baku railway. Population: 20,267 (2010 Russian census) ; 19,572 (2002 Census) ; 19,422 (1989 Soviet census) .
Aksay is a town and the administrative center of Aksaysky District in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Don River, 18 kilometers (11 mi) northeast of Rostov-on-Don, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 41,969 (2010 Russian census) ; 38,012 (2002 Census) ; 33,389 (1989 Soviet census) . It was previously known as Ust-Aksayskaya , Aksayskaya .
Zverevo is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located 140 kilometers (87 mi) northeast of Rostov-on-Don. Population: 22,411 (2010 Russian census) ; 25,356 (2002 Census) ; 28,206 (1989 Soviet census) .
Morozovsk is a town and the administrative center of Morozovsky District in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the Bystraya River, 265 kilometers (165 mi) northeast of Rostov-on-Don, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 27,642 (2010 Russian census) ; 29,222 (2002 Census) ; 27,004 (1989 Soviet census) .
Tsimlyansk is a town and the administrative center of Tsimlyansky District in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Don River, on the coast of Tsimlyansk Reservoir, 236 kilometers (147 mi) northeast of Rostov-on-Don, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 15,028 (2010 Russian census) ; 15,444 (2002 Census) ; 15,343 (1989 Soviet census) .
Azovsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Rostov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,862 square kilometers (1,105 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Azov. Population: 93,579 ; 92,568 (2002 Census) ; 83,393 (1989 Soviet census) .
Krasnosulinsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Rostov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,104 square kilometers (812 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Krasny Sulin. Population: 81,825 ; 34,906 (2002 Census) ; 36,814 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Krasny Sulin accounts for 49.9% of the district's total population.
Milyutinsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Rostov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,116 square kilometers (817 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality of Milyutinskaya. Population: 15,082 ; 17,847 (2002 Census) ; 19,352 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Milyutinskaya accounts for 16.7% of the district's total population.
Neklinovsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Rostov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast, immediately adjacent to the border with Ukraine's Donetsk Oblast. It surrounds the city of Taganrog on that city's landward side. The area of the district is 2,148 square kilometers (829 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality of Pokrovskoye. Population: 88,623 ; 84,915 ; 82,706 (2002 Census) ; 77,775 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Pokrovskoye accounts for 14.6% of the district's total population.
Oblivsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Rostov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,013.5 square kilometers (777.4 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality of Oblivskaya. Population: 18,872 ; 19,167 (2002 Census) ; 27,610 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Oblivskaya accounts for 52.5% of the district's total population.
Oktyabrsky District is an administrative and municipal district, (raion), one of the forty-three in Rostov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the western central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,998.7 square kilometers (771.7 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality of Kamenolomni. Population: 73,224 ; 78,983 (2002 Census) ; 66,566 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Kamenolomni accounts for 15.4% of the district's total population.
Verkhnedonskoy District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-three in Rostov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,675 square kilometers (1,033 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality ( stanitsa ) of Kazanskaya. Population: 20,441 ; 23,327 (2002 Census) ; 26,575 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Kazanskaya accounts for 23.1% of the district's total population.
: • | |
Districts | |
Cities and towns | |
Shakhty is a city located in the Rostov Oblast in southwestern Russia. As of the most recent census in 2020, the population of the city was approximately 230,000 people, making it one of the largest cities in the region.
While Shakhty is generally a safe city, like any other city, it is not completely immune to crime. In recent years, the city has experienced an increase in crime, particularly in the areas of theft and burglary. According to the Rostov Oblast Department of Internal Affairs, the crime rate in Shakhty has increased by approximately 10% in the last year. However, it is worth noting that crime rates in Shakhty remain lower than in many other large cities in Russia.
Historically, Shakhty has been known for several high-profile crimes. One of the most notable incidents occurred in 1928 when a group of young Communists were accused of murdering a group of members of the Orthodox Church. The incident, known as the "Shakhty Trial," became a major political scandal in the Soviet Union and resulted in a wave of political purges.
While there are no areas of Shakhty that are considered completely unsafe, there are certain neighborhoods that are more prone to crime than others. The most dangerous areas of the city are generally located in the outskirts of the city, away from the main commercial areas. Visitors to Shakhty should exercise caution when traveling to these areas, particularly after dark.
As a general rule, it is advisable to avoid traveling alone after dark, particularly in poorly lit or isolated areas. Visitors should also be aware of their surroundings and should take basic precautions to protect their valuables, such as keeping wallets and purses close at hand.
In terms of specific safety advice, visitors to Shakhty should be aware that the city experiences extreme weather conditions in the winter months. Temperatures can drop well below freezing, and visitors should be prepared with warm clothing and appropriate footwear.
Visitors should also be aware of the local customs and habits of the people living in Shakhty. The city has a predominantly Russian population, and visitors should be respectful of local customs and traditions. It is also advisable to learn some basic Russian phrases before traveling to the city, as English is not widely spoken.
While Shakhty is generally a safe city, visitors should exercise caution and be aware of their surroundings, particularly after dark. By taking basic precautions and being respectful of local customs, visitors can enjoy all that this fascinating city has to offer.
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