real vs fake rolex yachtmaster

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Rolex Yacht-Master Real vs. Fake Guide 2024: How Can I Tell If It Is Real?

Rolex is well-known for creating watches for professionals. Divers have the Submariner, racecar drivers have the Daytona, and even more niched experts like speleologists have the Explorer. And Yacht-Master was launched in 1992, it was a luxurious, nautically-themed watch; but it evolved over the years to be a professional regatta watch. Today, its elegant design has fans beyond yacht clubs and regatta courses. 

But The Yacht-Master is expensive that not all people can afford to own. This is why counterfeit Rolexes are everywhere. Sometimes, they are offered at prices that are too good to be true and gullible consumers fall into the trap of purchasing a Rolex watch replica. These days, some fakes are so good that they must be partially disassembled before they can be identified as counterfeit and can fool even the most well-versed Rolex aficionado or expert. This article will teach you how to identify the authenticity of The Yacht-Master from several aspects. Knowing how to spot a fake Rolex watch will save you from paying for a counterfeit watch.

Cover Photo:rolex.com

About Rolex Yacht-Master 

Inspired by the rich heritage that has bound Rolex to the world of yachting since the 1950s, the Yacht-Master and Yacht-Master II models embody the brand’s nautical spirit. The Yacht-Master brilliantly blends function and seafaring style. Presented in 2007, the Yacht-Master II is a regatta chronograph built for yachting competitions.

The Yacht-Master is easily recognizable for its bidirectional rotatable 60-minute graduated bezel. This characteristic and functional bezel – which enables the wearer to read time intervals, for example, the sailing time between two buoys – plays a full part in creating the unique visual identity of the watch.

The Yacht-Master II is a unique regatta chronograph dedicated to both yachting enthusiasts and experienced sailors. It features a countdown function with a mechanical memory programmable from 1 to 10 minutes which can be synchronized on the fly – a function that responds to the need for precise timing during the crucial starting sequence of a regatta.

Source:rolex.com

The waterproof and robust qualities of this model make it the ideal watch for water sports and sailing in particular. The Yacht-Master range celebrates the ties between Rolex and the world of sailing.

Click here to check all Yacht-Master Models.

The price of a Rolex Yacht-Master ranges from $11,550 to $46,600. 

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Rolex Yacht-Master Real vs. Fake 

1. serial numbers.

After 2009 Rolex decided to use a string of random numbers to create its serial numbers. You can check the authenticity of a Rolex by checking its serial number. Every Rolex has a serial number on it, and you can verify the authenticity of Rolex serial numbers through the manufacturer. 

A Rolex serial number is always engraved deeply into the metal, while the fake watches have serial numbers that may be simply etched with acid. The placement of the serial number is also a sign of whether it is a true Rolex or not. Look for the serial number on the 6 o’clock side where the band connects to the lug. On a new authentic Rolex watch, the serial number is seen on the inner bezel.

2. Caseback Engravings

For Rolexes manufactured before 2007, a hologram of the crown logo is found on the caseback. Versions of Rolex manufactured after 2007 should not feature the logo. Most casebacks of newer versions are plain polished steel.

With only a few exceptions, the caseback of authentic Rolex watches are usually kept clear of engravings and special features. To determine how to spot a fake Rolex Yacht-Master watch, you can examine the caseback. Some counterfeit watches have a clear back to show off the gears in an attempt to look like an authentic used Rolex. Actual authentic watches of the Rolex brand rarely have a clear back, as this was only used in a few vintage models. Similarly, some counterfeit watches have engravings with Rolex branding in an attempt to look like an authentic Rolex. If you want to figure out how to know if a Rolex is authentic, make sure that the back of the watch is clear.

3.  Self-Winding And Mechanical Movements

Rolex craftsmanship is of high quality, and often unmatched. Rolex creates top of the line precision watch components, while fake Rolexes tend to use lower-grade components that lack the Rolex stamp on them.

The movement must have an engraved “movement model, Rolex logo etc” on it. The location of the engraving on the Rolex movement differs from one model to another. Unfortunately, you can’t usually tell the difference in components unless you open the watch up and view the clockwork inside. 

Luckily, there is one surefire way to identify cheaper components without opening up the watch: check the movement of the hands. A genuine Rolex has smooth movement of its watch hands, while a fake often has jerky movements that mirror other watch types. The precision of a Rolex is especially important for watches like the Yacht Master, which are used for racing purposes, so checking the movement of the hands is essential if you want to know how to spot a fake Rolex Yacht Master.

Movements of Rolex Yacht-Master

Movements of Rolex Yacht-Master II

4.  Font Consistency

An authentic Rolex watch remains consistent in its crafting across the board. This means that the font type on all the text that appears on the watch should look the same. When you consider buying a Rolex Rolex Yacht-Master, how to spot a fake involves taking note of the consistency of the watch’s design. If you look at pictures of fake Rolexes, you will probably notice that different parts of the watch have slightly different fonts or spacing between different words. One of the best methods in how to know a genuine Rolex watch is to have a good eye for consistency and sharp attention to detail.

5. Date Appears Bigger

The cyclops glass feature at 3 o’clock is supposed to magnify the date number by 2.5x legibility. The cyclops glass always protrudes above the crystal, like a bubble—it is never flat and never fitted under the crystal. Run a finger over the watch crystal and feel the lens. You should feel a bump on the convex lens across the date. A flat Cyclops means that the Rolex watch is a fake. Another way to test it is to hold the watch sideways and look at the date without the Cyclops. If the size of the date appears the same, then it’s not a genuine Rolex watch.

A other way to identify a fake Rolex is by observing its date feature. Rolex watches have an instantaneous date display, meaning the date changes precisely at midnight, not gradually. If a Rolex replica shows an in-between date (mid roll) on the dial, it is a telltale sign of a fake since the real Rolex would change the date immediately. This characteristic might not be noticeable unless you have the watch for more than a day, but ideally, you should have already identified the counterfeit before then.

If you find yourself wondering whether the font or magnification on a watch looks right, take it to a seller or expert who you trust.

6. Weigh The Watch  

A genuine Rolex watch is always heavier than a knockoff. Before purchasing a watch, do some quick research on Google and check for the actual weight of the Rolex model you want to purchase. Then, weigh the item you are looking at. If it does not weigh the same amount as what you have researched, then it is surely a fake watch.

7. Water Resistance 

Although Rolex Submariner timepieces (along with the Sea-Dweller collection) are the only watches designed for deep-sea diving, all models like the Rolex Yacht-Master are water-resistant and perfectly sealed. Once you have the watch dip it in a cup of water for a few seconds and take it out. Before doing this, PLEASE be sure that the crown is securely tightened/screwed in. If there is any leaking of water into the watch on the dial or anything the watch is definitely a fake. All Rolex watches are 100% watertight and many counterfeit watches are not. However, it should be noted that a genuine Rolex watch that is in need of service or repairs may not be water resistant, so this is not a guaranteed way to identify a fake, and should only be done on modern Rolex watches, not vintage models or those that are visibly damaged.

8.  Pip or Pearl

The lume pip located at the 12 o’clock position on the authentic Rolex bezel is distinguished by a silver lining around it and fits seamlessly within the confines of the triangle marker surrounding it. Conversely, the lume pip on the counterfeit Rolex’s bezel has a larger, thicker border that extends outside the triangle marker’s boundary. Additionally, it lacks lume material, rendering it unable to glow in the dark like the authentic Rolex bezel’s pip.

Knowing how to spot a fake Rolex prevents you from being scammed. Skip the pawn shop and second hand stores and always buy from an official Rolex dealer to guarantee that the products being sold are legitimate, even on pre owned Rolex watches. If the price is too good to be true, that tells you the watch is not the real deal. Rolex timepieces, after all, is made with high-quality materials and craftsmanship like no other, which explains its hefty price tag.

In other words, the best way to figure out how to tell an authentic Rolex from a fake one is to consult a seller that you know to be trustworthy. This seller probably deals in authentic Rolexes and can help guide you on where to buy authentic Rolex watches if you can’t find what you need with that individual. The seller can also examine any Rolex watch you bring in to check for signs of a fake. To determine whether a particular seller is trustworthy, check customer reviews and examine the watches offered by that seller. In some cases, a seller might be able to show you the exact differences between a real vs. fake Rolex. 

Features of Rolex Yacht-Master 

Reviews: For those at sea, staying the course is a constant challenge. Defying the laws of logic, bearings can be lost suddenly in difficult conditions, thus requiring adaptability and the capacity to react quickly. Since 1992, the Yacht-Master – equipped with a bidirectional rotatable bezel – has become the established watch of masterful sailors who know how to react in order to keep their heading, in any situation. Technical and elegant, the Yacht-Master is a reliable nautical instrument.

1. Exceptional legibility

Like all Rolex Professional watches, the Yacht-Master offers exceptional legibility in all circumstances, even in the dark thanks to its Chromalight display. The broad hands and hour markers in simple shapes – triangle, circle, rectangle – are filled with a luminescent material emitting a long-lasting glow.

2. Rolesium

The Yacht-Master 37 and Yacht-Master 40 are the only two models in the Rolex catalogue offered in Rolesium versions: the bezel is fashioned from platinum while the rest of the watch is in Oystersteel. These versions also harbour a turquoise- or red-lacquer seconds hand echoing the colour of the Yacht-Master inscription on the dial.

3. 18 ct Everose gold

This exclusive 18 ct pink gold alloy – created and cast by Rolex – features a slightly stronger colour than traditional pink gold and exhibits subtle cool tones. Its sophisticated and contemporary colour resonates particularly well on watches that combine gold and Oystersteel, known as Rolesor versions (a combination of Oystersteel and gold).

4. Cerachrom Bezel Insert

The matt black monobloc Cerachrom bezel insert of the Yacht-Master is made of an extremely hard, virtually scratchproof ceramic whose colour is unaffected by ultraviolet rays, seawater or water that is chlorinated. In addition, thanks to its chemical composition, the high-tech ceramic is inert and cannot corrode. The numerals and inscriptions are moulded in the ceramic and coloured with gold or platinum using a PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition) process.

5. Bracelets and Clasps

6. Calibres 3235 and 2236 Superlative Movements

Features of Rolex Yacht-Master II 

Reviews:  As a chronograph with a bold nautical character, the Yacht Master II occupies a singular place in the Rolex roster of Professional watches. It features an unprecedented mechanical function: a countdown that can be programmed and synchronized on the fly to adjust and re-adjust the watch to regatta start times. An essential tool for any coxswain and their decision-making process, as it allows them to take the best start towards victory.

As for any voyage at sea, time management is vital in a regatta. At its launch in 2007, the Yacht-Master II features an unprecedented mechanical function: a programmable countdown with mechanical memory, synchronizable on the fly. A function that responds ideally to the need for precise timing during the crucial starting sequence of a regatta.

This flexibility is one of the major assets of the Yacht-Master II; its development was a considerable technological challenge. The programming can be mechanically memorized, which makes it possible to start a new countdown without having to reprogramme the watch, for example in the next leg or a subsequent regatta with identical countdown duration.

Furthermore, once the watch’s countdown is launched, it can be synchronized on the fly to match the official countdown via the ‘fly-back’ reset function of the seconds hand and adjustment of the countdown minute hand to the nearest minute.

1. Ring Command System 

Rolex achieved perfection when it turned its attention to redefining the purpose and functionality of the bezel. Typically, a bezel operates independently from the internal mechanism; however, the Ring Command bezel in the Yacht-Master II regatta chronograph operates in conjunction with it.

As a mechanical component linked to the movement, the bezel literally acts as the key to the programmable countdown, allowing it to be set and synchronised to the sequence of race start times. Complex in design, but simple in use, it is functionally beautiful.

The countdown’s sophisticated functions were designed to be easily set and operated. The preliminary programming of up to 10 minutes is accessed, and then locked, via the rotatable bezel thanks to Ring Command, a patented system of interaction between the bezel, the winding crown and the movement, developed by Rolex. A technical feat made possible by the brand’s in-house mastery of the entire watch design and manufacturing process, from the case to the movement.

2. A Distinctive Aesthetic 

The Yacht-Master II is equipped with a new dial, and new hands that are characteristic of Rolex Professional models, enhancing legibility and sharpening its aesthetic appeal. The dial now features a triangular hour marker at 12 o’clock and a rectangular hour marker at 6 o’clock for more intuitive reading of the watch. A luminescent disc on the hour hand clearly distinguishes it from the minute hand.

The Yacht-Master II’s countdown can be programmed for a duration of between 1 and 10 minutes. The programming is memorized by the mechanism so that at a reset it returns to the previous setting. Once launched, the countdown can be synchronized on the fly to match the official race countdown.

On the right-hand side of the middle case, the Yacht-Master II sports two countdown pushers, specially designed to suggest winches, the manual winding gear on a sail boat. The Yacht-Master II is always fitted on an Oyster bracelet with a Oysterlock safety clasp, equipped with an Easylink comfort extension link.

The Yacht-Master II measures 44 mm in diameter, its large size contributing to the optimal legibility of the dial in all conditions.

3. Cerachrom Bezel Insert 

The blue monobloc Cerachrom bezel insert of the Yacht-Master II is made of an extremely hard, virtually scratchproof ceramic whose colour is unaffected by ultraviolet rays, seawater or water that is chlorinated. In addition, thanks to its chemical composition, the high-tech ceramic is inert and cannot corrode. The numerals and inscriptions are moulded in the ceramic and coloured with gold or platinum using a PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition) process.

4. Oyster Bracelet 

The Oyster bracelet is a perfect alchemy of form and function, aesthetics and technology, designed to be both robust and comfortable. It is equipped with an Oysterlock folding clasp, which prevents accidental opening and the Easylink comfort extension link, also exclusive to Rolex. This ingenious system allows the wearer to increase the bracelet length by approximately 5 mm, providing additional comfort in any circumstance.

5. Calibre 4161 Superlative Movement 

The Yacht-Master II is equipped with calibre 4161, a self-winding mechanical chronograph movement entirely developed and manufactured by Rolex. Its architecture, manufacturing quality and innovative features make it exceptionally precise and reliable. This abundance of Rolex technology includes a patented function – a programmable countdown with a mechanical memory – and comprises some 360 components. Some of them are made by UV-LiGA, a micromanufacturing technology entirely mastered in-house by Rolex.

Is Yacht-Master A Good Investment? 

For a retail Rolex model, you will surely pay a premium – especially if you choose one of the precious metal models. On the secondary market, you can get a Yacht-Master for a much lower price, and many collectors find this option a better value for their investment.

What Is Special About the Yacht-Master? 

Does rolex yacht-master hold value .

Every watch from the Rolex Yacht-Master collection is equipped with a practical 60-minute rotating timing bezel and offers an impressive water resistance up to a depth of 100 m. It is no doubt a masterpiece that would last decades and still hold values in the market even at that time.

Is the Yacht-Master More Expensive Than the Submariner?  

In contrast, the Submariner offers a stainless steel case. Bezel: The Submariner bezel is unidirectional to help divers keep better track of their dive time. The Yacht-Master, instead, offers a bidirectional rotating bezel. Cost: To buy them from new, the Yacht-Master is a greater investment compared to a Submariner.

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Real or Fake Rolex Yachtmaster 116622 PLSO?

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Hi everybody, I've encountered a seller who claims to have an authentic Yachtmaster 116622 PLSO with a broken bracelet. Allegedly, her brother broke it while trying to fit it for his wrist. Attached are photos she sent me. There's a confirmed scratch on the crystal, which makes me wonder is this is real, since I thought the crystal was supposed to be sapphire. Since I'm not a watch expert by any means, I'd love help from the watchuseek community in figuring out if this is real or not! Thanks!  

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I'd snap that one up a bit quick... but don't pay anymore than 1 cent!!!!  

Haha thanks for the quick reply!  

Fake, fake Sent from my XT1254 using Tapatalk  

Looks legit! Except for the... - Thin crown guards - Date window - Dial depth - White Dial - Dial marker spacings - Marker coloring - Watch Other than that should be good =)  

I love these threads....We try to get the worst possible pics for Gen unity verifications lol.... I mean this should be the first sign..........Bad pictures...  

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Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, Russia

The capital city of Khanty-Mansi okrug: Khanty-Mansiysk .

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra - Overview

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra is a federal subject of Russia, part of the Urals Federal District. Khanty-Mansiysk is the capital city of the region.

The population of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra is about 1,702,200 (2022), the area - 534,801 sq. km.

Khanty-Mansi okrug flag

Khanty-mansi okrug coat of arms.

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Khanty-mansi okrug latest news and posts from our blog:.

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History of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra

Yugra is the historical homeland of the Ob-Ugric peoples: Khanty, Mansi, Nenets, and Selkup. They were engaged in hunting, fishing, cattle breeding. After the Turkic peoples pushed them from south to north, these peoples had to apply their skills in more severe conditions. It is at this new location Ugrians began to domesticate deer.

In the first half of the second millennium AD, the main features of the material and spiritual culture of Khanty, Mansi and forest Nenets were formed. It is believed that since then they have not undergone major changes. Since the second half of the 13th century, a new factor in the development of the region was its entry into the Golden Horde.

At the end of the 14th century, the collapse of the Golden Horde led to the emergence of a separate Tyumen Khanate. In 1495, the Siberian Khanate appeared. At that time the basic principles of political, administrative and socio-economic organization of this territory were developed. The region was called Ugra or Yugra.

More historical facts…

The region became part of Russia in the end of the 16th century. From the middle of the 18th century, this region became a place of exile for criminals. December 10, 1930, Ostyako-Vogul national okrug was formed with the center in the settlement of Samarovo. Construction of a new center began 5 km away from it. In February 1932, the new center of the region was named Ostyako-Vogulsk.

In 1934, the first steps to find oil and natural gas in the region were taken. October 23, 1940, Ostyko-Vogul national okrug was renamed Khanty-Mansi national okrug and Ostyko-Vogulsk was renamed Khanty-Mansiysk. August 14, 1944, the region became part of Tyumen Oblast. On January 27, 1950, Khanty-Mansiysk became a city.

On September 21, 1953, in Berezovo, the first natural gas in Western Siberia was produced. On June 23, 1960, the first oil in Western Siberia was discovered near Shaim. This was followed by the discovery of many other oil and natural gas fields. Along with the industrial exploitation of oil and gas fields, the timber industry developed rapidly.

By the end of the 20th century, under the influence of demographic and socio-economic developments the Khanty-Mansi region in fact lost its national basis. On July 25, 2003, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug was renamed Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra.

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra views

Rest on the lake in Yugra

Author: O.Frolov

Golden autumn in the Khanty-Mansy region

Author: Leonid Karpushin

Beautiful nature of Yugra

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra - Features

The name of the region is associated with the self-names of the two main groups of northern peoples - Khanty and Mansi. In the Middle Ages, the word “Yugra” was used to refer to peoples and lands beyond the Northern Urals.

This region, located in the middle of Russia, occupies the central part of the West Siberian Plain. Its territory stretches from west to east for almost 1,400 km, from north to south for 900 km. The area of the region is comparable to France or Ukraine.

The climate is temperate continental characterized by rapid change of weather especially in spring and autumn. Winters are long, snowy and cold with frosts below minus 30 degrees Celsius. Summers are short and warm. From the west this region is protected by the Ural mountains, from the north it is open to cold arctic air.

The highest points of the region are Mount Narodnaya (1,895 m) in the Polar Urals and Mount Pedy (1,010 m) in the Northern Urals. Two major rivers flow in Khanty-Mansi autonomous okrug: the Ob (3,650 km) and its tributary the Irtysh (3,580 km). About 30% of the territory is covered by swamps. There are more than 300,000 lakes surrounded by marshes and forests.

The largest cities of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra are Surgut (396,000), Nizhnevartovsk (280,800), Nefteyugansk (128,700), Khanty-Mansiysk (106,000), Kogalym (69,200), Nyagan (58,500). Today, only about 32,000 people are representatives of indigenous peoples: Khanty, Mansi and Nenets. Half of them live in the traditional way.

This region is very rich in oil and natural gas. The largest oil and natural gas fields are Samotlorskoye, Fedorovskoye, Mamontovskoye, Priobskoye. There are also deposits of gold, coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, lead and other mineral resources.

The climate is not favorable for agriculture. Most of the agricultural products and foodstuffs is brought from other Russian regions. Waterways and railways are the main shipping ways. The total length of the pipeline network is 107,000 km.

About 60% of Russian oil is produced in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra. In total, more than 10 billion tons of oil were produced here. The total number of oil and natural gas fields discovered is 475. In the coming decades, the Khanty-Mansi region will remain the main resource base of hydrocarbons in Russia.

Tourism in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra

Yugra has unique natural, cultural and historical resources for the development of recreation and tourism. On the territory of the region there are historical and cultural monuments, as well as modern infrastructure for lovers of cultural, educational, recreational tourism, and outdoor activities. International events (sports competitions, festivals and forums) help to open this place to foreigners as an amazing corner of the globe.

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra has a number of wonderful natural sites worthy of attention: two nature reserves (“Malaya Sosva” and “Yugansky”), four nature parks (“Samarovsky Chugas”, “Siberian ridges”, “Numto”, “Kondinskie lakes”), ten monuments of nature, archeological complexes (“Barsova Mountain”, “Saygatino”, Sherkaly settlement).

Holidays of the northern peoples are also popular among tourists: Reindeer Herder’s Day, Day of indigenous Peoples of the North “Crow day”, Fisherman’s Day, Bear holiday and others.

Active and extreme types of tourism (skiing, snowboarding, kiting) are gaining in popularity. There are seven ski resorts in the region. In summer, travelers can go rafting on mountain rivers of Siberia. Tourists can also go on a special oil tour that includes a visit to the oil-producing companies. They learn about the oil industry and the history of oil exploration in Siberia.

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra is a region of endless charm of the beautiful nature and modern tourist facilities. True lovers of northern landscapes and local cultures will be able to fully enjoy the incomparable scenery and generous hospitality in Ugra.

Khanty-Mansi okrug of Russia photos

Khanty-mansi autonomous okrug scenery.

Road through autumn forest in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Deep winter snow is not a problem in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Author: Chernenko

Yugra scenery

Author: Sergej Fedotov

Pictures of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra

Winter in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Orthodox church in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Author: Alexey Borodko

Church in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Author: Peter Sobolev

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Welcome to the land of sheer silent whiteness. Its vast expanses are filled with fresh Arctic air, howling winds, and the spirit of true adventure. Come with us to the lands of the ancient Khanty and Mansi tribes that survived in this harsh climate of the Nether-Polar Urals . See the mountains that defy any logical or geological reason for their existence. Experience the wonders of this sparsely populated land where you can hardly see a human trace. Welcome to Yugra!

The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Area – Yugra (KhMAO) is located in the central part of the West Siberian Plain, stretching from west to east from the Ural Range to the Ob-Yenisei Watershed. The vast areas of this plain, as well as the Lower Priob region, are considered one of the most recently inhabited areas.

The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Area (KhMAO) was established in 1930. Its name comes from two main northern indigenous peoples – the Khanty and the Mansi. From 1944 it was legally part of the Tyumen Region , but in 1993 the Area received autonomy and became a full-fledged territorial entity of the Russian Federation. It is a part of the Urals Federal District. The administrative centre is the city of Khanty-Mansiysk , whereas the largest city is Surgut. The word Yugra was introduced to the name of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Area in 2003 to pay tribute to the old name used by the locals to call the territories lying beyond the North Urals.

The KhMAO borders the Komi Republic in the north-west, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District in the north, the Krasnoyarsk Area and the Tomsk Region in the east and south-east, the Tyumen Region in the south and the Sverdlovsk Region in the south-west.

The area of the territory is 534,801 sq.km, the length from north to south is 800 km, from west to east is 1400 km. The population of this huge territory is 1,674,676 people as of 2020, which is the same amount as people living in Barcelona or Munich.

The main part of the territory is a huge, poorly dissected plain where absolute elevation marks rarely exceed 200 meters above sea level. The western part of the KhMAO territory is characterized by low and middle mountainous terrains with some Alpine relief featured in the Subpolar Urals. Here are ridges and spurs of the mountain system of the North Urals and the Subpolar Urals. The maximum absolute elevations are on the border with the Komi Republic . Mount Narodnaya (1,895m) is the highest peak.

Flora & Fauna

More than 800 species of higher plants grow in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area . Almost the entire territory is covered by taiga forests that occupy about 52% of the area. Spruce, fir, pine, cedar, larch, birch, alder grow here. In the northern parts of the area, the composition of the vegetation is greatly influenced by perennial permafrost. Light lichen grasslands which are used as deer pastures are widespread there. Tundra dominates in the mountainous and hilly areas. River floodplains and lowlands are characterized by meadow vegetation, the so-called water meadows. High floodplains of large rivers are mainly covered with woods that mainly feature willows, birches and aspens. Forests and swamps are rich in berries and various valuable plants, most of which are used in traditional indigenous medicine.

The animal world is typical for the Russian taiga zone. There are 369 species of vertebrates. Mammals are represented by 60 species (28 of them are commercial species). The most common and valuable of them are wild reindeer, elk, fox, sable, fox, squirrel, marten, ermine, Siberian weasel, polecat, mink, weasel, otter, hare and others. Wolverine and West Siberian river beaver are included in the Red Book of Russia.

There are 256 bird species in the region, including 206 sedentary and nesting species. Some rare bird species are listed in the Red Book. There are 42 species of fish in rivers and lakes. Of these, 19 species are commercial, among them are starlet sturgeon, lelema, muksun (whitefish), pelyad, chir, lake herring, wader, tugun, freshwater cod, pike, ide, roach, bream, fir, perch, ruff, golden and silver crucian carp, carp (carp is grown in the cooling ponds of the Surgutskaya and Nizhnevartovskaya hydroelectric plants). Sturgeon is listed in the Red Book. There is an abundance of mosquitoes and gnats in the area, the greatest activity of which is in the second half of summer.

Water Resources

Yugra can boast of over 2 thousand large and small rivers, the total length of which is 172,000 km. The main rivers are the Ob (3,650 km), the Irtysh (3,580 km). These are some of the largest rivers in Russia. Other significant rivers include the tributaries of the Ob (the Vakh, Agan, Tromyogan, Bolshoy Yugan, Lyamin, Pim, Bolshoy Salym, Nazym, Severnaya Sosva, Kazym rivers), the tributary of the Irtysh (the Konda River) and the Sogom River. Ten rivers are over 500 km long. All the Yugra rivers with the exception of the rivers in the Ural part of the region are characterized by rather slow currents, gentle slopes, some surge wave phenomena, spring and summer floods. The Ob River basin extends over a distance of 700-200 km from the mouths of its tributaries. Such abundance of water facilitates the appearance of floodplain swamps and seasonal lakes.

The region's swamps are predominantly of the upper and transitional type. Those water basins occupy about a third of the region. About 290,000 lakes with the area of more than 1 ha are surrounded by swamps and forests. The largest lakes are Tursuntsky Tuman, Levushinsky Tuman, Vandemtor and Trmemtor. The deepest lakes are Kintus (48 m) and Syrky Sor (42 m). However, most of the lakes (about 90%) are modest and quite small and have no surface runoff.

The area is rich in resources of fresh, mineral and thermal underground waters, which are still insignificantly used.

The climate is moderately continental. Winters are harsh, snowy and long, and summers are short and relatively warm. The territory is protected from the west by the Ural Mountains but its openness from the north has a significant impact on the climate formation because cold air masses from the Arctic freely penetrate the area. The flat character of the terrain with a large number of rivers, lakes and swamps also has its impact. Most of the precipitation falls during the warm seasons. But even with a small amount of precipitation, their evaporation is very low, which as a result contributes to the formation of the zone of excessive moisture throughout the Yugra. The snow cover is stable from late October to early May, its height varies from 50 to 80 cm. The region is characterized by a rapid change of weather conditions, especially in transitional seasons (autumn and spring), as well as during the day. Late spring and early autumn frosts are rather frequent and can happen even until mid-June. Average January temperatures range from -18ºC to -24ºC (0 F to -11 F) and can reach -60ºC to -62ºC (-76 F to -80 F) when the northern cold air masses break through. The average temperature in July, the warmest month of the year, ranges from +15ºC to +20ºC (+59 F to +68 F) and on very rare days can reach a maximum temperature of +36ºC (+97 F). The prevailing wind direction is north in summer and south in winter.

The weather in the mountains is quite changeable and cool even in summer. The best time to visit the region's mountains is between July and mid-August.

The Yugra of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area has a huge natural resource potential. These are oil and gas deposits, forests, gold and iron ore deposits, as well as bauxites, copper, zinc, lead, niobium, tantalum, brown and hard coal deposits, rock crystal, quartz and piezo quartz, peat deposits, etc. The region has plenty of natural resources. In terms of natural gas reserves, the Yugra ranks second in the Russian Federation after the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District .

The industry is dominated by oil and gas production, power generation and processing industries, including woodworking except for pulp and paper production.

Landmarks and Tourism

The Khanty-Mansi area has very developed tourism of all kinds. There is a modern infrastructure for cultural exploration as well as for active recreation.

Fans of sports and eco-friendly tourism will be able to conquer majestic mountains and raft down picturesque rivers, enjoy the beauty of nature in nature reserves and natural parks. The hills and mountains of this area open up endless opportunities for skiing and snowboarding.

Major Mountains

The mountainous part of the Subpolar Urals located on the territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area is very beautiful. The highest peaks of the Ural Mountains are situated here.

Mount Narodnaya

Being the highest point of the whole Urals, Mount Narodnaya (1,895 m), also known as Naroda and Poenurr and translated as People's Mountain is territorially situated in the Subpolar Urals, on the border of the Yugra Area and the Komi Republic . It is the highest point in European Russia outside the Caucasus. This leads to its large topographic prominence of 1,772 metres (5,814 ft).

The top of the mountain is half a kilometre from the border towards Yugra. As for the name of the mountain, scientists could not come to a common opinion for a long time, so there are two versions. According to one version, in the Soviet years, an expedition of pioneers gave the mountain a name in honour of the Soviet people - Narodnaya (the stress is on the second syllable). According to the other version, even before the arrival of the first Soviet tourists, the peak was named after the River Naroda (the stress is on the first syllable) flowing at the foot of the mountain. The Nenets peoples called the River Naroda Naro, which means a thicket or a dense forest, and the Mansi peoples called it Poengurr or Poen-urr, which translates as the top, or head. The maps used to refer to it as Mount Naroda or Mount Naroda-Iz. Nowadays, it appears everywhere as Narodnaya.

In the 1980s, someone set a bust of Lenin on the top of the mountain. Its remains can be found there to this day. There is one more symbolic relic there – some Orthodox believers erected a worship cross on top of Mount Narodnaya after a Procession of the Cross.

The slopes of the mountain are steeper in the north-east and south-west and there are many steep rocks on them. The south-eastern and northern parts of the mountain are more gentle but they are also covered with scree. Be vigilant and careful when climbing! On the slopes of the mountain, there are many not only boulders but also caverns filled with clear water as well as ice. There are glaciers and snowfields. From the north-eastern part of the mountain, you can observe Lake Blue near which tourists and travellers like to make bivouacs.

Mesmerizing with its beauty and inaccessibility, it attracts many tourists and fans of active recreation. This majestic mountain is quite remote from the settlements, so getting to it is not an easy task. The mountain is located in the Yugyd Va National Park , so it is necessary to register in advance and get a visit permit from the park administration. How to get to the park administration and get a permit, read the article on the Yugyd Va National Park .

Mount Zaschita

Mountain Zaschita (1,808 m) is the second-highest peak in the Ural Mountains, after Mount Narodnaya . Mysteriously, the name of the mountain, which roughly translates as Defense or Protection Mount, does not correlate in any way with the Mansi names of the nearby mountains and rivers. The origin of the name is unknown. There are some speculations but we will consider just one of them. On the map of the Northern Urals which was made by the Hungarian researcher Reguli the closest peak to Mount Narodnaya was called gnetying olu. Its location coincides with that of the present-day Mount Zaschita . The name gnetying olu in the Mansi can be deciphered as a mountain on which there is some help from ice. The mountain is believed to protect deer grazing on glaciers from mosquitoes. So, early topographers called the mountain more briefly – Mount Defense. Indeed, the slopes of this mountain are covered with a lot of snow and glaciers (the Yugra, Naroda, Kosyu, Hobyu glaciers and others). And it is here that the Mansi shepherds bring their deer which can rest on glaciers and snow. Summarizing all the above, we can say that Zaschita Mount is to some extent protection for deer from mosquitoes. The very name Zaschita appeared on maps with the beginning of hiking tours in the Subpolar Urals.

Mount Neroyka

Mount Neroyka (1,645 m) is 100 km from Neroyka village, the closest tourist base to this peak. In the 1950s, people who were engaged in quartz mining near the mountain worked and lived in this base. Later, a gravel road was built from the village of Saranpaul to the mountain for large-scale development of the quartz deposit. In recent years, the road has not been much used and is practically not cleaned from snow in winter. There has been a plant built 20 km down from the mountain for primary processing of quartz with the use of nanotechnologies. There is an annual big camping event near the mountain. It is organized by the Tourism Department of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area. You can have a 1-hour helicopter ride to the mountain from the village of Saranpaul. Should you wish to fly from the city of Khanty-Mansiysk , be prepared to fly over the taiga for 2.5-3 hours.

The Pyramid Mountain

Quite inquisitive tourists happened to discover, by a lucky chance, a Pyramid similar to that of Cheops but four times bigger. It is located on the territory of the Narodo-Ityinsky Ridge. The closest to the pyramid is the village of Saranpaul. The sizes of the found pyramid are as follows: the height is 774 m, in comparison to the Egyptian pyramid which is 147 m; the length of a lateral edge is 230 m whereas the Egyptian pyramid is 1 km. The pyramid is located precisely according to the cardinal directions, there is not a single degree deviation at that. The origin of the pyramid is unknown, scientists are still making assumptions. No traces of human activity were found near the pyramid. The only way to get here at this time is by helicopter.

Samarovskaya Mountain

Samarovskaya Mountain is another wonder that is baffling many people. It is dividing the city of Khanty-Mansiysk into northern and southern parts. Few now living residents know that in the old days the highest part of the modern city used to bear a plural name of the Samarovsky Mountains among which there were Mount Palenina, Komissarskaya, Miroslavskaya, Filinova, and Romanova. Originally, there was a village called Samarovo amidst these mountains. Until now, many issues bewilder both residents and scientists. How could a mountain form in the middle of the West Siberian Plain? What is inside it? Won't the weight of the buildings erected on the top of the mountain affect its height? The uniqueness of Samarovskaya Mountain is that it consists of numerous large stones, boulders, rocks that are absolutely foreign to this area. Scientists have not yet come to a consensus on the mountain’s origin.

Ski and Sports Facilities

The Yugra is very famous for its ski resorts, the main of which are:

• The Cedar Ravine ski resort (Surgut city, Naberezhny Ave. 39/1)
• Three Mountains (Trekhgorie) ski resort (30 km from Nizhnevartovsk, Ermakovsky settlement)
• Stone Cape (Kamenniy Mys) ski resort (near the city of Surgut)
• Pine Urman ski resort ( Khanty-Mansiysk , Sportivnaya Str., 24)

Protected Sites, Reserves, National and Natural Parks

The far-away lands of the Yugra are the blessed sanctuaries for many animals as the area is rather hostile to a human There are reserves, natural parks, wildlife sanctuaries here that aim to protect the national treasures of the lands. Having visited these regions once, you would crave for coming back again and again to feel that unique sense of unity with nature, to forget about the urban fuss and and hustles whatsoever. The harsh but beautiful nature of this extraordinary area leaves an indelible trace in the soul of every person.

On the territory of the district there are 25 specially protected natural areas, the most famous of them are:

• The reserves are two: the Malaya Sosva Reserve and the Yugan Reserve, the latter was established in 1982 as the largest reserve of taiga landscapes. The purpose of the reserves was to study unobtrusively and carefully preserve the endemic flora and fauna without disturbing natural processes. Hunting and economic activities are prohibited here, which is important for the preservation of natural ecosystems.
• The natural parks are the Samarovsky Chugas Nature Park, the Siberian Sloping Hills (Uvaly), the Numto (also called Lake Numto), and the Kondinskie Lakes.

These reserves and natural parks offer tourists their own excursion programs to make visiting their territory much more enjoyable and educational.

The Samarovsky Chugas Nature Park is located in the center of Khanty-Mansiysk , on a small hill between the Ob and Irtysh rivers.

The territory of the Siberian Sloping Hills (Uvaly) natural park is 350 km away from the city of Khanty-Mansiysk . You can get there by helicopter or by plane. The office of the park is located at 7a Pionerskaya Street, Nizhnevartovsk.

The Kondinskie Lakes Natural Park is located 380 km from Khanty-Mansiysk . Half of the park is covered with swamps, but there is also a recreational area. There you can rest, swim, do some amateur fishing, picking berries (cowberries, cranberries) and mushrooms is permitted. There is only one independent walking route here, it runs for 3 km in the deep forest. It is a cool place for kids since the park is equipped with sports grounds, a pool and a small zoo where the kids can interact with brown bear cubs. What else, try the TaiPark, it is a rope course running at the height of 2.5 meters, having 15 stages, the full length is 125 meters. There is an opportunity to order water walking tours in the town of Sovetsky, which can be reached by train from Khanty-Mansiysk .

The Numto Nature Park is located almost in the center of the West Siberian Plain, in the Beloyarsk district of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area, 300 km from the city of Surgut and 200 km from the town of Beloyarsk. It is located on the border of Yugra and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area. The administration of the park is located at 2, Beloyarsky micro-district, 4a. The territory of the natural park is a treasure trove of archaeological and ethnocultural monuments. As of today, there have been discovered 20 architectural monuments, including fortified and not fortified settlements, places of worship abandoned by the peoples who lived here from the Stone Age to almost the present day. Researchers have also found 65 monuments of ethnic value, the main of which are worship objects, sacred places and cemeteries.

The Malaya Sosva Reserve includes several subordinated territories and sanctuaries, including Lake Ranghe-Tour. The reserve offers a 4-km walking guided route that gets the visitors introduced to the typical features and characteristics of flora and fauna of the region. The route is called Bear Trail and you can spot bears there (don’t come close though, we’ve already written how to behave if you meet a bear in the wild). Also, you will see the River Malaya Sosva, some marshes, ancient cultural monuments and other nice sights. Permission to visit the reserve can be obtained from the administration of the reserve at Lenina Str. 46, town Sovetskiy.

As to the Yugan Nature Reserve , it is inaccessible to common hikers who are afraid of flying since there are no roads to it. The only way to get there is taking a helicopter ride. You also must obtain a permit in the administration of the reserve, go accompanied by employees of the reserve, and only on special transport of the reserve (motorboat, snowmobile). The central manor of the Reserve and the administration are located in the village of Ugut. To get to this village, you should first go to the town of Surgut, then go to the town of Pyt-Yakh, and from it there is a road to the village of Ugut. It is about 100 km from Ugut to the southern border of the reserve i, and another 25 km to the nearest cordon. The administration works from Monday to Friday. You can request a permit via mail at [email protected] , order a guided tour at [email protected]

Rivers and Lakes

The Yugra lands are heaven for water sports aficionados. They can have some awesome fishing or go rafting along such rivers as: the river Naroda, the Deep Sabun, etc.

The Naroda River is 140 km long. It is the left tributary of the Manya River located in the Ob River basin. The river has its origin on the south-western slope of Mount Narodnaya . It is a mountain-taiga river with rapids, swifts, numerous rolls, which attracts interest among water tourists. However, it is usually not rafted very often.

The Deep Sabun River flows through the territory of the Siberian Sloping Hills Nature Park. The park has developed multi-day water routes. It is possible to raft along the river in summer and to go skiing along it in winter.

The Kondinskie Lakes are a system of lakes along the left bank of the Konda River. The largest lake is the Arantur, with pine forests on the northern side and sandy beaches well equipped for a nice relaxing me-time. The water heats up well in summer. The small river Okunevaya and the river Maly Akh flow into the lake. The Maly Akh comes in on the west side and connects lake Arantur with Lake Pon-Tour. This lake is the richest in fish, and there is also a parking lot for fishermen here. The streams connect Pon-Tour with small lakes Krugloe and Lopukhovoye. When you look at Lopukhovoe lake, you feel as if you have found yourself in a fabulous place: more than half of its surface is covered with white lilies, as well as yellow flowers of the water-beans. Then the river Big Akh, which flows into the river Konda, connects all the lakes into a single system. Along the river there are many archeological monuments such as forts and settlements which have paths to them. The southernmost lake of the park is Ranghe-Tour.

Major Cities

Yugra is not the easiest destination and not the most accessible, but the effort is well worth it. You should first get to the capital of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Area – the city of Khanty-Mansiysk either by air or by train.

Khanty-Mansiysk

Khanty-Mansiysk is based on the premises of the former village Samarovo founded in 1582. It used to be the territory of the Khanty people and a pit stop for coachmen who rode their wagons across the country. The village was founded by Russian Count Samara, thus the name Samarovo. The modern city actually began to develop in 1930 because amidst the Siberian taiga there finally started to appear stone houses on the high bank of the Irtysh River. In 1940, the village was renamed into Khanty-Mansiysk by the name of the peoples living on this territory – the Khanty and the Mansi, and in 1950 it received the status of a town.

The city has several attractions. Mount Samarovskaya is probably the biggest natural and scientific wonder. It divides the city in two parts and causes many concerns for urban developers who always wonder whether this mountain can move making the buildings slide or even sink in.

Another beauty is the century-old cedar grove that is within the city limits. The grove is a part of the natural park Samarovsky Chugas. The word chugas in the language of the Khanty means a lonely hill in the low river floodplain.

The park is one of the main attractions of the city, it hosts an open-air ethnographic museum called the Torum Maa, a cultural and tourist complex called Archaeopark, a biathlon center. Kids and adults, nature lovers and fans of culture love this place dearly.

A memorial sign to Yugra's discoverers is installed on top of the Samarovsky Chugas. It is a tall stele pyramid divided into three portions. On the lower level, there is a restaurant, on the second level is a small museum, and on the third level there is an observation deck, 40 m above the ground, with a magnificent view of the Irtysh River and the river port. The pyramid is decorated by the bas-relief depicting the discoverers of the region, from the 16th-century Count Samara to the geologists of the 20th century.

Another trademark of Khanty-Mansiysk is the State Museum of Nature and Man. The museum hosts a gallery and a workshop of a famous artist G. Rayshev.

The city has a lot of small monuments generously spread around the city. There is the Khanty family resting on a camp, this monument is near the airport building. You can take a pic at the Golden Tambourine located at the intersection of Gagarin Street and Mira Street. Connoisseurs of culture should also visit the Sun – the Theatre of Ob-Ugrian Peoples, it is the world's first professional theatre of Khanty and Mansi peoples. And if you are travelling with kids, the Khanty-Mansiysk Puppet Theatre is a must-visit. In the period from May to October, you can take a boat ride to the confluence of two rivers – the Ob and the Irtysh. Yugra Service Co. operates such cruises, you can find more information locally at their address Tobolsk Trakt street 4, Khanty-Mansiysk .

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• Khanty-Mansi

Nizhnevartovsk, Russia

Nizhnevartovsk is a city in Russia, the administrative center of the Nizhnevartovsk region of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra. The city is located on the banks of the Ob River in close proximity to the Samotlor oil field and is one of the largest centers of the Russian oil industry. Starting from the 1960s - the era of active development of deposits in Western Siberia - a small village began to develop dynamically and by now has turned into a modern, comfortable city for life. Population - 277 668 people. (2020). The second largest city in the Okrug, one of the few Russian regional cities that surpasses the administrative center of its constituent entity (Khanty-Mansiysk) both in terms of population and economic potential. One of the safest cities in Russia.

How to get there

By plane Nizhnevartovsk Airport is located on the western outskirts of the city, about 5 km from the center. Serves regular flights to many cities in Russia. City buses and minibuses run from the airport to the city. 1  Nizhnevartovsk Airport. By train The city is served by the Nizhnevartovsk I railway station and is connected by direct trains to Moscow and a number of cities in the Urals and Volga region. There is also a commuter train to Surgut. 2  Nizhnevartovsk I, Severnaya, 37. Large modern station, open 24 hours a day. By bus Nizhnevartovsk is connected by bus routes with many cities of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, as well as with Kurgan, Tobolsk, Tyumen and the city of Strezhevoy in the Tomsk region. The bus station is located in the railway station building. 3  Bus station, Severnaya, 37.

The city has an extensive network of commercial and non-commercial public transport. Taxi price from 120 rubles.

City Drama Theater In 1985, the theater-studio “Skvoreshnik” appeared in Nizhnevartovsk, from which the City Drama Theater originated. The theater switched to a professional basis in the fall of 1995, when a stable repertoire appeared and a troupe of actors was formed. The modern building of the City Drama Theater opened in 2001. The theater constantly takes part in Russian and foreign international festivals and invites leading theater critics. He is the organizer of the international theater festival of small-form performances “Northern Meetings”, hosting Russian and foreign theaters on its stage. Nizhnevartovsk Theater for Young Spectators The history began with the Barabashka Puppet Theater with the play “The Golden Chicken,” shown in 1989, when the team of the Honored Cultural Worker of Bashkiria Yuri Kuznetsov appeared in the city. The building of the former recreation center "Yubileiny" on the street was adapted for artists. 60 Let Oktyabrya, 18/1, made the necessary extensions. The name “Barabashka” was invented through an advertisement in the newspaper, chosen from many options. Since then, the theater has staged several dozen performances for audiences of different ages. Several productions for the little ones were performed here by Igor Larin, Igor Ignatiev and Andrey Efimov, the theater’s chief director in the 2011/2012 season. The team repeatedly took part in the festival in Tyumen (5 Golden Horse awards), went on tour to neighboring areas: Tobolsk, Novoangarsk, Langepas, Kondinskoye, Khanty-Mansiysk, as well as to Omsk, Belgorod, Varna (Bulgaria). In the 2018/2019 season, the Barabashka Theater became the Theater for Young Spectators - the new status made it possible to stage more performances for adults, and there were also more evening shows. “The puppet theater will not leave us anywhere, so viewers don’t have to worry,” assured production director Varvara Shmeleva. Festival "Samotlor Nights" Since 1976, the Samotlor Nights festival of arts, labor and sports has been held. The festival period is held annually in the first ten days of June. The event usually involves a complex of various folk festivals, concerts, exhibitions, etc. The People's Friendship Festival takes place on the street of the same name. It opens with a theatrical procession of national public organizations and non-profit organizations of ethnocultural orientation. Veteran oil workers, honorary citizens of Nizhnevartovsk, as well as representatives of youth public associations take part in the procession. On the day of the celebration, “ethnic sites” are placed on Friendship of Peoples Street, reflecting the culture of different nationalities living in Nizhnevartovsk. This is where the white nights last the longest. During the festival, traditional “Samotlor weddings” are played - the newlyweds are welcomed by the city at the “Strong Family - Strong Power” holiday. The opening and closing ceremonies of the Samotlor Nights festival, as a rule, take place at the Central Stadium, with the participation of creative teams from cultural and educational institutions, as well as youth public organizations, students and schoolchildren of the city. In addition, famous musicians are often invited. “Samotlor Nights” is a tradition started by young builders of Nizhnevartovsk. The author is Evgenia Petrovna Ardashova, head of the culture department in those years. Nizhnevartovsk Museum of Local Lore The museum was founded on November 1, 1973 on a voluntary basis. On February 1, 1978, the museum became a branch of the regional museum of local history called “Museum of the Development of Oil Resources of the Middle Ob Region”. The museum collection at that time consisted of 2137 items. On March 11, 2003, a branch of the “Museum of the History of Russian Life” was opened as part of the museum complex, which is located in the center of the historical core of the city - Old Vartovsk. It is a historical and residential complex, consisting of a wooden two-story house and a complex of outbuildings (barns, bathhouses, flocks, imports). Each building houses museum exhibition complexes: a peasant hut and an upper room, a vestibule, an upper room of wealthy merchants, and the interior of a room from the 1930s-1940s. Center of National Cultures The Center for National Cultures is an institution working towards preserving the traditions, historical and cultural heritage of different nationalities living on the territory of Nizhnevartovsk. All activities of the institution are aimed at the unity and mutual enrichment of cultures of different ethnic groups through the joint implementation of creative projects. More than 250 events are held annually, including: Days of National Cultures, national holidays and festivals, conferences on the development of interethnic ties and relations, thematic concerts and literary and musical lounges. One of the priority areas of development is the preservation and popularization of the culture and art of the indigenous peoples of the north - the Khanty and Mansi. Palace of Arts The former name was “House of Technology”, the concert hall of which is designed to host stars of the first magnitude. Every year, the Palace of Arts hosts about 450 events, which are attended by more than 200 thousand citizens. In different halls you can hold several events simultaneously for three thousand people. Creative teams are regular participants in regional events in Khanty-Mansiysk and other cities of the district. The Palace of Arts is the organizer of the main large-scale events in the cultural life of the city, such as: the city Festival of Arts, Labor and Sports “Samotlor Nights”, “City Day”, “Oilman’s Day”, “Farewell to Winter”, “Victory Day” and others. Palace of Culture "October" Construction began in 1974 in one of the greenest places in Nizhnevartovsk, near the House of Soviets. Initially, it was planned to build a cinema with 763 seats. During construction, the cinema was reformatted into a palace of culture. One of the decorations of the building is the mosaic panel “To the Conquerors of Siberia and Fire”, made by master Nikolai Gordeev. The panel is located in the second floor foyer.

Physiographic characteristics

Geographical position.

Nizhnevartovsk is located in the Middle Ob Lowland of the West Siberian Plain in the middle reaches of the Ob on its right bank. Geographic coordinates: 60°57′00″ N. w. 76°36′00″ E. etc. From the end of May to mid-July in cities of this latitude you can observe the phenomenon of white nights.

Nizhnevartovsk, like the entire district, is located in the MSC+2 time zone. The applied time offset relative to UTC is +5:00. In accordance with the applied time and geographic longitude, average solar noon in Nizhnevartovsk occurs at 11:59.

The main watercourse of the city is the Ob River, from the mouth of the Svetlaya channel to the Lokosovskaya channel. Within the Nizhnevartovsk region, the section of the middle reaches of the Ob has a length of 134 km, the width of the floodplain is from 18 to 20 km. By the nature of the water regime, it belongs to the type of river with spring-summer floods and floods in the warm period of the year. The duration of the flood is on average 60-130 days. The appearance of ice formations on rivers is typical in the second half of October - early November. The average duration of freeze-up is 180-200 days. In hydrographic terms, the taiga zone of the Ob River differs sharply from the forest-steppe zone adjacent to it from the south; this difference is primarily associated with a change in the ratio of water balance elements. With a noticeable increase in atmospheric precipitation and a decrease in its losses due to evaporation, surface runoff here sharply increases. In 2015, the largest flooding in thirty years occurred in the areas adjacent to Nizhnevartovsk, including numerous dachas and gardening partnerships. The reason for the dynamics of the water level rise was the climatic features of the spring period.

Nizhnevartovsk is located in the continental climate zone. The climate is characterized by long winters, long-term snow cover (200-210 days), short transition seasons, late spring and early autumn frosts, a short frost-free period (100-110 days), and a short summer (10-14 weeks). Winter is characterized by significant day-to-day variability of air temperature, the average value of which is 5°C. The annual cycle of precipitation is of the continental type. During the cold season, about 20% of the annual amount falls. Most of them fall in the first months of winter. The maximum amount of precipitation in a year falls in the summer months of the year - from June to August. In some years, the amount of precipitation may deviate significantly from the norm. The annual minimum precipitation occurs in February. Snow cover forms in October - early November, and its disappearance is observed in late April - early May. Like the entire district, it is equated to the regions of the Far North. Average annual air temperature - −0.9°C Relative humidity - 78% Average wind speed - 3.5 m/s

In the Nizhnevartovsk region, as throughout the entire territory of the Middle Ob region, cedar forests are indigenous, and birch and aspen forests that arose in their place are derivatives. The forests of the region are based on three species: pine, cedar and birch. Among forest formations, pine forests dominate in area. Siberian pine forests occupy less than a quarter of the forested area. A third of the area is occupied by small-leaved forests. Pine forests are found on sandy and sandy loam, highly podzolic soils and are confined to elevated areas of the relief. The most common types are lichen and lingonberry pine forests. Characteristic of cedar forests is the good development of the herb-shrub layer, in which the predominant role belongs to forest shrubs (blueberry, lingonberry, crowberry, wild rosemary) and taiga small grasses (northern linna, sorrel sorrel, and bifolia). The shrubs are represented by individual specimens of Siberian mountain ash. Green mosses are always present in these forests.

The causes of atmospheric air pollution in the region are: Nizhnevartovsk State District Power Plant, boiler plants, flaring of associated petroleum gas, evaporation of light fractions of hydrocarbons from the surface of emergency oil spills, as well as from oil storage tanks. Control over maximum permissible emissions is carried out at almost all stationary sources of pollution. According to monitoring of maximum permissible concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, dust, soot, hydrocarbons in the air of under-flare zones, the average annual values are significantly lower than the maximum permissible values. About 98% of the district's population is provided with a planned and regular system for the collection and removal of solid municipal waste, of which 92% are provided with a centralized container collection system. In the village of Laryak (200 km to the east) there is an installation for incinerating solid household waste. Information about the environmental situation is regularly broadcast on local television (the latest information was published in 2020).

The name of Nizhnevartovsk comes from a section of the Ob bank suitable for the construction of a pier, which was called Vartovsky Yar (in the old days, a concave steep bank of the river was called a yar), in turn derived from the Vartovsky Khanty yurts, known from the second half of the 18th century. The prefix "Nizhne-" is due to the fact that 180 versts upstream of the Ob River there was another yar with the same name. To distinguish it from it, the new pier was named "Nizhne-Vartovskaya", which was later transferred to the settlement founded under it.

Vartovsky Yar has been mentioned as a place suitable for mooring steamers since the mid-1870s. In 1888 Nizhne-Vartovskaya pier was founded here. Initially, the pier was only an economic facility, but at the beginning of the 20th century (according to various sources, in 1905 or 1909) a permanent settlement arose near it, in 1911 it consisted of three courtyards with 17 residents. The first years of Soviet power At the beginning of 1924, the Nizhnevartovsk village council was formed. On February 24, 1962, the village of Nizhnevartovskoye became the center of the Nizhnevartovsk region. Oil boom 1965 became a landmark in the history of the future city - the discovery of the Samotlor deposit predetermined the further fate of this area. The village of Nizhnevartovskoye was transformed into the settlement of Nizhnevartovsky. In the period 1909-1917, the village of Vartovskoe below the Ob River was part of the Tobolsk province, the Surgut district, the Lokosov foreign volost on the zemstvo tract. However, in the neighboring Lumpopovskaya foreign volost there was also the Verkhne Vartovskaya yurt near the Ob River. In February 1965, Nizhnevartovsk was declared a Komsomol construction site, not only young people, but also married couples came here from different parts of the country. On May 1, 1965, SMU-5 was created (construction and installation department No. 5). The oil workers have allocated six tents and an unfinished barrack for the residence of married couples, where an office and a hostel for bachelors are located. The management of NPU "Megionneft" gave the task of SMU-5 for 1965: to build a bathhouse, a kindergarten, a flour warehouse and 20 houses, and to equip the Bagrasskoye field. One bulldozer was allocated for the field development, all other work was done manually. On March 23, 1967 the Nizhnevartovsk television center was opened. In December 1965, on the initiative of the head of NPU Megionneft B.I.Osipov, a polyclinic appeared in the village. By order of Osipov, the educational complex under construction was given over to a school. At the end of October 1966, an unplanned boiler house provided heat. By November 7, the kindergarten received children, a bathhouse was launched. A year later, the building, which was being built for the "target" object - the morgue, turned into a television studio. On New Year's Eve, oilmen installed a "drilling" TV tower. In February 1967, the window to the world was "broken", residents of the cities of Nizhnevartovsk and Megion saw the program of the central television for the first time. Contrary to the plans of the state, the "Jubilee" club of oil workers was built, which would later be called "50 years of the Komsomol". In 1967, the government issued a decree on urgent measures for the development of the Samotlor field in the village of Nizhnevartovsky. The Council of Ministers ordered the Moscow, Omsk, Perm builders to send brigades to the north of the Tyumen region to build the city. The airport was opened in 1971. On March 9, 1972, by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the settlement was transformed into the city of Nizhnevartovsk. On October 19 of the same year, the air communication Nizhnevartovsk - Moscow was opened. In 1976, the implementation of the RAP II project began. In 1975-1976, a railway was built to Surgut, thanks to which passenger traffic was organized. In 1980, a regular passenger train service was opened to Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg). In 2002, the construction of a new station building for 900 passengers, which had lasted twenty years, was completed. Since 1975, the Samotlor Nights festival has been held, since 1985 - the Sabantuy folk holiday. In the late 1970s - early 1980s, due to the gradual depletion of oil reserves in Tatarstan and Bashkortostan and the shift of the center of the oil industry to Western Siberia, many Tatar and Bashkir oil workers and their families moved to Nizhnevartovsk, which explains the significant proportion of Tatars and Bashkirs in the population of Nizhnevartovsk. In 1978, one third of all oil produced in the USSR was of Samotlor origin. In 1980, one billionth ton of Nizhnevartovsk oil was produced, in 1986 - two billionth. 1980 also saw the peak of oil production from the Samotlor field: 158.8 million tons per year. Later, due to the depletion of deposits, production began to decline. In September 1985, the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee M.S.Gorbachev visited Nizhnevartovsk. An Orthodox community was officially established in the city in 1989, and a Muslim one in 1991. In 1990, the foundation stone was consecrated, and in 1993 the construction of the Church of the Nativity of Christ began. The temple was consecrated on 4 July 1999 by Archbishop Dimitri of Tobolsk and Tyumen.

In the 2010s, the city began to actively build up to the east - in just a few years, several new neighborhoods arose at once. The construction boom has become the largest since the 70s and 80s. The city center has also been decorated with many new buildings, both residential and public. In 2013, the concept of the Nizhnevartovsk agglomeration and its long-term development was formed, which, in addition to Izluchinsk, Megion, Langepas and Raduzhny, also included the city of Strezhevoy, which belongs to the Tomsk region. In 2014, a strong road connection was established with the latter thanks to the completion of the construction of a bridge over the Vakh River.

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra [lower-alpha 1] , commonly shortened to Khantia-Mansia, is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast ). It has a population of 1,532,243 as of the 2010 Census . [4] Its administrative center is located at Khanty-Mansiysk .

Administrative divisions

Demographics, settlements, ethnic groups, vital statistics, external links.

The peoples native to the region are the Khanty and the Mansi , known collectively as Ob-Ugric peoples , but today the two groups only constitute 2.5% of the region's population. The local languages, Khanty and Mansi , are part of the Ugric branch of the Finno-Ugric language family, and enjoy a special status in the autonomous okrug. Russian remains the only official language.

In 2012, the majority (51%) [7] of the oil produced in Russia came from Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, giving the region great economic importance in Russia and the world. It borders Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug to the north, Komi Republic to the northwest, Sverdlovsk Oblast to the west, Tyumen Oblast to the south, Tomsk Oblast to the south and southeast and Krasnoyarsk Krai in the east.

The okrug was established on December   10, 1930, as Ostyak-Vogul National Okrug ( Остя́ко-Вогу́льский национа́льный о́круг ). In October 1940, it was renamed the Khanty-Mansi National Okrug . In 1977, along with other national okrugs of the Russian SFSR , it became an autonomous okrug (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug). In 2003, the word " Yugra " was appended to the official name. [8]

The okrug occupies the central part of the West Siberian Plain .

Principal rivers include the Ob and its tributaries Irtysh and Vatinsky Yogan . There are numerous lakes in the okrug, the largest ones are Numto , Tormemtor , Leushinsky Tuman and Tursuntsky Tuman , among others. [9]

The northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude traverses the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

Population : 1,674,676 (2020); [10] 1,532,243   ( 2010 Russian census ) ; [4] 1,432,817   ( 2002 Census ) ; [11] 1,268,439   ( 1989 Soviet census ) . [12]

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has an area of 523,100   km 2 , but the area is sparsely populated. The administrative center is Khanty-Mansiysk , but the largest cities are Surgut , Nizhnevartovsk , and Nefteyugansk .

The Indigenous population ( Khanty , Mansi , Komi , and Nenets ) is only 2.8% of the total population in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The exploitation of natural gas in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has attracted immigrants from all over the former Soviet Union. The 2021 Census counted 17 ethnic groups of more than five thousand persons each. The ethnic composition is as follows:

Population of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug: [13]

Historical population figures are shown below:

Source: [15]

According to a 2012 survey [16] 38.1% of the population of Yugra adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church , 5% are unaffiliated generic Christians , 1% of the population adheres to the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery) or to Khanty-Mansi native faith. Muslims (mostly Tatars ) constitute 11% of the population. In addition, 23% of the population declares to be spiritual but not religious , 11% is atheist , and 10.9% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question. [16] According to recent reports Jehovah's Witnesses have been subjected to torture and detention in Surgut. [18]

In Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the primary transport of goods is by water and railway transport; 29% is transported by road, and 2% by aviation. The total length of railway tracks is 1,106   km. The length of roads is more than 18,000   km.

• Hockey Club Ugra
• List of Chairmen of the Duma of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Related Research Articles

Khanty-Mansiysk is a city in west-central Russia. Technically, it is situated on the eastern bank of the Irtysh River, 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) from its confluence with the Ob, in the oil-rich region of Western Siberia. Though it is an independent city, Khanty-Mansiysk also functions as the administrative centre of Khanty-Mansiysky District, and the administrative center of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra.

Nyagan is a town in the northwest of Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located near the Ob River and 230 kilometers (140 mi) northwest of Khanty-Mansiysk. It is named after the Nyagan-Yugan River, a tributary of the Ob River. Population: 63,034 (2021 Census) ; 54,890 (2010 Russian census) ; 52,610 (2002 Census) ; 54,061 (1989 Soviet census) .

Megion is a town in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra, Russia, located at the altitude of 45 meters (148 ft) above sea level, on the right bank of the Ob River, 380 kilometers (240 mi) east of Khanty-Mansiysk and 760 kilometers (470 mi) northeast of Tyumen. The area of the town is 50.51 square kilometers (19.50 sq mi) and the nearest airport is in Nizhnevartovsk. Population: 49,449 (2010 Russian census) ; 46,566 ; 39,783 (1989 Soviet census) .

Yugorsk is a town in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located in the northwestern part of the East-West lowland, 420 kilometers (260 mi) from Khanty-Mansiysk. Population: 34,067 (2010 Russian census) ; 30,285 (2002 Census) ; 24,928 (1989 Soviet census) .

Sovetsky is a town and the administrative center of Sovetsky District in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located 470 kilometers (290 mi) west of Khanty-Mansiysk, the administrative center of the autonomous okrug. Population: 26,495 (2010 Russian census) ; 23,230 (2002 Census) ; 21,123 (1989 Soviet census) .

Lyantor is a town in Surgutsky District of Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the Pim River, 625 kilometers (388 mi) northeast of Khanty-Mansiysk, the administrative center of the autonomous okrug. Population: 38,992 (2010 Russian census) ; 33,011 (2002 Census) ; 22,071 (1989 Soviet census) .

Pokachi is a town in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the right bank of the Vatyegan River, 350 kilometers (220 mi) east of Khanty-Mansiysk and 800 kilometers (500 mi) northeast of Tyumen. Population: 17,171 (2010 Russian census) ; 17,017 (2002 Census) ; 11,536 (1989 Soviet census) .

Kogalym is a town in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the Inguyagun River 325 kilometres (202 mi) northeast of Khanty-Mansiysk. Population: 58,181 (2010 Russian census) ; 55,367 (2002 Census) ; 44,297 (1989 Soviet census) .

Beloyarsky is a town and the administrative center of Beloyarsky District in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the Kazim River, northwest of Khanty-Mansiysk, the administrative center of the autonomous okrug. Population: 20,283 (2010 Russian census) ; 18,721 (2002 Census) ; 20,534 (1989 Soviet census) .

Raduzhny is a town in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the Agan River, 475 kilometers (295 mi) northeast of Khanty-Mansiysk and 975 kilometers (606 mi) northeast of Tyumen. Population: 43,399 (2010 Russian census) ; 47,060 ; 43,726.

Pyt-Yakh is a town in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the east bank of the Bolshoy Balyk River, southeast of Khanty-Mansiysk. Population: 41,488 (2010 Russian census) ; 41,813 (2002 Census) ; 17,101 (1989 Soviet census) .

Beloyarsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug of Tyumen Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the autonomous okrug. The area of the district is 41,574 square kilometers (16,052 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Beloyarsky. Population: 9,766 ; 9,493 (2002 Census) ; 8,927 (1989 Soviet census) .

Khanty-Mansiysky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It is located in the center of the autonomous okrug. The area of the district is 46,400 square kilometers (17,900 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Khanty-Mansiysk. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 19,362.

Kondinsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug of Tyumen Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the autonomous okrug. The district is 55,170 square kilometers (21,300 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality of Mezhdurechensky. Population: 34,494 ; 35,018 (2002 Census) ; 36,640 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of Mezhdurechensky accounts for 32.1% of the district's total population.

Nizhnevartovsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. The area of the district is 118,500 square kilometers (45,800 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Nizhnevartovsk. Population: 35,745 ; 33,508 (2002 Census) ; 28,288 (1989 Soviet census) .

Oktyabrsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug of Tyumen Oblast, Russia. It is located in the western central part of the autonomous okrug. The area of the district is 24,500 square kilometers (9,500 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality of Oktyabrskoye. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 32,224, with the population of Oktyabrskoye accounting for 11.3% of that number.

Sovetsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug of Tyumen Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the autonomous okrug. The area of the district is 29,768.74 square kilometers (11,493.77 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Sovetsky. Population: 48,059 ; 44,720 (2002 Census) ; 73,247 (1989 Soviet census) . The population of the administrative center accounts for 55.1% of the district's total population.

Surgutsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the nine in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It is located in the center of the autonomous okrug. The area of the district is 105,190 square kilometers (40,610 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Surgut. Population: 113,515 ; 106,624 (2002 Census) ; 74,685 (1989 Soviet census) .

Uray a town in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, located on the Konda River 350 kilometres (220 mi) from Khanty-Mansiysk. Population: 39,457 (2010 Russian census) ; 38,872 (2002 Census) ; 37,198 (1989 Soviet census) .

Agirish is an urban-type settlement in Sovetsky District of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. Population: 2,856 (2010 Russian census) ; 2,831 (2002 Census) ; 3,592 (1989 Soviet census) .

• ↑ Russian and Mansi : Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ — Югра, Khanty-Mansiyskiy avtonomnyy okrug — Yugra; Khanty : Хӑнты-Мансийской Aвтономной Округ
• ↑ Президент Российской Федерации.   Указ   №849   от   13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу   13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No.   20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation.   Decree   # 849   of   May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District . Effective as of   May 13, 2000.).
• ↑ Госстандарт Российской Федерации.   №ОК 024-95   27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2.   Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. ( Gosstandart of the Russian Federation.   # OK 024-95   December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2.   Economic Regions , as amended by the Amendment   # 5/2001 OKER. ).
• 1 2 3 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том   1 [ 2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol.   1 ] . Всероссийская перепись населения 2010   года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service .
• ↑ "Об исчислении времени" . Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011 . Retrieved January 19, 2019 .
• ↑ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article   68.1 of the Constitution of Russia .
• ↑ В Ханты-Мансийском автономном округе добыта 10-миллиардная тонна нефти
• ↑ "Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 25, 2003 No. 841" (in Russian). Official website of the President of Russia .
• ↑ Google Earth
• ↑ 2020 Russian Subjects Population
• ↑ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов   – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3   тысячи и более человек [ Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000 ] (XLS) . Всероссийская перепись населения 2002   года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
• ↑ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989   г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [ All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers ] . Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989   года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly .
• ↑ "Russian Census of 2021" . (in Russian)
• ↑ Перепись-2010: русских становится больше Archived December 25, 2018, at the Wayback Machine . Perepis-2010.ru (2011-12-19). Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
• ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service
• 1 2 3 "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia" . Sreda, 2012.
• ↑ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps . "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived .
• ↑ "7 Jehovah's Witnesses Brutally Tortured in Russia, Spokesman Says" . February 20, 2019.
• Official website of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra Archived June 6, 2017, at the Wayback Machine
• Official site of Khanty-Mansi Duma (in Russian)
• Informational website of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra (in Russian)