sailboat navigation instrument

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Modern Sailboat Navigation Stations

• By Tim Murphy
• Updated: November 8, 2018

Once upon a time, every seagoing sailboat had a broad table in the saloon with sightlines to the helm, plenty large enough to spread out a big NOAA chart folded in half. Of course, that meant your boat couldn’t offer other things, particularly if it was smaller than 40 feet. Queen-size berths and separate shower stalls? Not likely.

But the times and designs have changed. Cruising World ‘s Boat of the Year judges examined roughly two dozen new sailboats in October 2017, and in so doing, we marked the ways today’s builders either hewed to tradition or ­innovated with their boats’ navigation stations.

The Traditionalists

Big chart tables aren’t entirely gone. Six boats in this year’s fleet of new boats exhibited traditional nav stations with ample room to slide parallel rules and swing a pair of dividers. The smallest of these was the Hallberg-Rassy 412, whose very name evokes traditional design. Situated to starboard just forward of the companionway steps and across from the galley, this forward-facing nav station features a hinged surface that opens into a space large enough to contain a couple of ChartKits and a full suite of plotting tools. It places the navigator in easy reach of the orderly electrical panel. On the boat we sailed, a single-sideband radio was installed in the outboard corner, with a shelf above it for smaller items. Hallberg-Rassy’s always exquisite mahogany joinery incorporates a high fiddle on the table’s inboard edge to catch rolling pencils, and no fiddle on the aft edge to interfere with arms and elbows.

Likewise, the Gunfleet 43 provides storage for charts, and the surface to use them, at its forward-facing station. On a bulkhead angled in at 45 degrees, you can mount a multifunction electronic display, comfortably visible without craning your neck.

Two boats from Jeanneau — the Jeanneau 51 and the Jeanneau Sun Odyssey 440 —incorporate forward-facing chart tables into their cabins on the port side. Of these, the table on the 51 was understandably bigger, with a storage space underneath the hinged surface. The fiddles aren’t as high as those on the HR 412, but they’ll still hold a chart (or a pencil that hasn’t gathered up too much speed). The electrical panel on the outboard bulkhead easily shares space with the VHF mic, genset controls and a 4.5-inch Raymarine instrument display. A particularly nice treat here is the autopilot remote, which allows the navigator to make course adjustments while working with the chart.

The Jeanneau Sun Odyssey 440 won CW’s 2018 award for Most Innovative. Interestingly, while incorporating other bold new ideas with the deck layout, its creators preserved a relatively large forward-facing nav table. As its bigger sister has done, the 440 brings instruments and monitors within easy reach of the navigator.

This year’s new Swan 54 was another boat that blended traditional design with new thinking. Long known as a builder that exemplifies the sweet spot between top performance and true cruising credentials, with its latest models Nautor’s Swan has made a clear distinction along those lines. While the Club Swan 50 is a full-on raceboat, the Swan 54 is committed more clearly to cruising. Its forward-facing nav station sits forward in the main saloon, hard by the main bulkhead. With room for a 12-inch multifunction display, as well as several smaller ones, this provides a position to navigate by analog or digital means with superb ergonomics.

The largest boat in our fleet, the Oyster 745, also features one of the largest nav stations among the monohulls. This aft-facing desk area, on the port side of the companionway, will serve its owners and crew as an ample office space. This station has room for two large multifunction displays, plus smaller instruments. On the boat we sailed, MFDs were also installed in the sleeping cabins.

The Laptop-Style Office Space

Two of the boats from this year’s fleet, at opposing ends of the length scale, devote the area of a full-size traditional nav station to other purposes. The Bavaria Cruiser 34 was the one boat with complete cruising amenities in our Pocket Cruiser category — and, fittingly, it was the winner of that category. To make room for a spacious head and aft cabin in the boat, the designers placed a small table at the aft end of the port settee, and with room under the table to hang your legs. It’s a comfortable place to work on a laptop, but it’s not a place where you’ll be able to spread out a chart. In the context of its design brief, we applauded the choice.

Toward the other end of the length continuum is the Beneteau Oceanis 51.1. For well over a decade now, Beneteau has led the pack in interior styling. Indeed, the company employs the Nauta Design firm exclusively for the interior, distinct from the hull form ­created by Berret Racoupeau. The saloon of the 51.1 is uncommonly open and flooded with light. One contributing detail is a smallish nav table portside and forward at the main bulkhead. The seating for this table is a reclining lounge chair installed athwartships; sitting at 90 degrees facing forward gives access to the table, which provides basic navigation monitors and ­reasonable space for working on a computer.

The Transformers

Every yacht designer reckons with the fact that we expect a boat’s interior to serve us equally well in radically different contexts. We might be sharing laughs with a half-­dozen pals in a calm anchorage, or we might be ­underway, slamming into a nasty chop. Four boats in this year’s fleet offered variable designs that responded individually to each of these situations.

The aluminum-hulled Allures 45.9 features a deck-saloon cabin top and a raised table that affords some visibility under sail through the deck’s forward portlights. Like a high-top table in a restaurant, this platform places you above the level of those seated at the dinette, and it has seats both forward-facing and aft-facing. Facing aft affords good sightlines to the helm.

The Hanse 588 addresses the design tension of a boat’s different uses with an elegantly simple solution: The nav station and the dinette share a single settee. By articulating the backrest forward or aft, you can use that single seat for either use.

The Elan GT5 — winner of its Midsize Cruiser category — is a boat filled with innovative touches. One of these is a nav table forward and to starboard that slides up to create a smallish nav table or slides down to accept cushions and become part of a longer settee.

The boat most deserving of the transformer name is the Dufour 520. The starboard-side nav table slides forward, for a forward-facing nav station at sea, or aft, for a longer settee when the boat is in entertainment mode. Not only that, but its inboard leg can be raised or lowered to provide a flat writing surface when the boat is heeled.

The Pilothouses

The word “pilothouse” might conjure images of old-school, heavy-displacement motorsailers. The 2018 fleet shows us how far off base that stereotype can be — and how far yacht designers have come in the past several years. The boats in this roundup are some of the lightest on the water, and provide some of the best combinations of visibility and shelter that have ever been available in a cruising boat.

Three light cats stand out. The Maine Cat 38 is a speedy boat that can be sailed almost entirely from inside the enclosed bridgedeck. Not just the nav station but the boat’s entire workstation (halyards, sheets and winches, as well as the helm) is installed behind tempered-glass windows at the forward end of the coachroof. All electronic nav instruments are within easy view of the helm.

Two performance catamarans from one builder — the HH 55 and the HH 66 — exhibit similar near-360-degree visibility from the inside helm station. In these boats, you step outside through a gasketed door for sailhandling tasks, but the visual connection between the virtual world of electronic charts and the physical world of wind and water exhibited in these contemporary ­catamarans can’t be beaten.

The Fountaine-Pajot Saona 47 presents a nav station that adroitly connects the physical and virtual worlds better than all the previous categories. But in a distinction from the previous three cats, this nav station is separated from the outside helm and sailhandling station at the aft end of the cabin house. With a high-cut headsail, the navigator has superb visibility through the forward 225 degrees, better than the visibility from the raised helm.

Three monohulls offered three very different iterations of the pilothouse concept. The Discovery 58 is a Ron Holland design of robust displacement with a full-size nav station that provides visibility through forward windows in the deckhouse, even when the boat is at rest. Similar to the Jeanneau 51, the Discovery we sailed had an autopilot remote installed beside the nav seat, but no engine controls. Finally, this boat’s layout features a large countertop, big enough for an entire chart, forward of the nav station.

In the Southerly 540, ­winner of the big Full-Size Cruiser category, we have a true pilothouse arrangement, with both autopilot and electronic engine controls. Not only that, but this boat’s swing keel opens access to deep water and shallow.

The overall Boat of the Year winner of 2018 also featured one of the most interesting pilothouse arrangements. The Boreal 47, built in France of aluminum, brings together a hard dodger that encompasses both doghouse-style protection in the cockpit and a fully enclosed pilothouse behind a gasketed door. Once inside, the pilothouse is at the level of the cockpit sole; to enter the cabin, you descend several steps from there. This design impressively answers the boat’s go-anywhere promise.

Tim Murphy, a CW editor at large and a longtime Boat of the Year judge, is sailing his 1988 Passport 40 Billy Pilgrim on the U.S. East Coast, and fitting her out for longer distances.

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How To Learn Marine Navigation (Easy In-Depth Guide)

Learning marine navigation can seem difficult, but when you break it up, it's actually pretty simple. Below, I'll go over the exact steps of learning marine navigation quickly.

How to learn marine navigation? In order to learn marine navigation, you need to understand how to locate your position (using bearings, GPS, stars, etc.), how to read nautical charts to determine a course, how to plot a course on a nautical chart or chartplotter, and how to use a compass (in order to monitor the course).

This still might seem like a lot. Don't worry. I have written detailed articles on all of these different steps. Below, I'll summarize the main takeaways for each step, and link to other articles so you can explore in more detail on your own. Ultimately, marine navigation all boils down to the way you get your lines. Let me explain.

On this page:

Fundamentals: how marine navigation works, how to use a boat compass, how to read and use nautical charts, my recommendation for a chart navigation course, my recommendations for navigation gear.

You first have to understand the fundamentals of marine navigation. Marine navigation consists of three very simple steps:

• Locate your position
• Determine a course
• Monitor the course

If you say it like that, it doesn't seem so difficult after all, right? There are all kinds of ways to locate your position, to determine your course, and to monitor the course. That's what makes it seem difficult. But in the end, it's always these three steps. For example:

• You locate your position by using GPS
• You determine a course based on a nautical depth chart and the wind direction
• You monitor the course using a compass or your GPS

Locating your position can be done with any kind of directional line, for example using landmarks, buoys, stars, or satellites (which is GPS).

Your navigation technique is simply the way you choose to get your lines. It is always recommended to have multiple ways of determining your location, just to be safe in case you have some sort of system failure.

Find all types of marine navigation in my in-depth guide here

Using a boat compass may seem straightforward, but many people make mistakes that are easily avoided. Especially if you're just starting out, it's easy to make mistakes that may have large consequences.

The most common compass is the magnetic compass, which will work 99% of the time. There are situations in which a GPS compass may malfunction. Same goes for the magnetic compass. Having at least one extra back up compass is therefore recommended. Most sailors agree that a solid magnetic compass is the default choice for reliable navigation.

So how do you actually use a boat compass?

• The lubber line (a small line on the compass) marks your direction on the compass card.
• The direction is given in degrees.
• You pick a course on a nautical chart.
• Then, you steer the boat so that the lubber line points to the correct degree on the compass card.
• You keep course by making sure the lubber line stays put.

Most important compass lessons:

• Before leaving the marina, always check your compass' alignment
• Remember or record your reciprocal course - the opposite direction of your course current course. The reciprocal course will always get you home.
• A compass is still an important tool, even with GPS, since a compass tells you direction, not just track.
• You should mount your compass away from metals and electronics, otherwise it will deviate
• You should calibrate (swing) your compass after mounting

The compass will always point to magnetic north. However, the position of magnetic north changes all the time (less than 6 meters per year on the surface). The closer you get to the poles, the larger the navigational error margin becomes.

It's important to understand your compass well If you're new to sailing, I highly recommend reading up on the compass and learn how to use it the right way in this article .

We understand our compass and have a sense of the fundamental concepts of marine navigation. Now it's time to take a close look at nautical charts. William has written a very good series of articles on using nautical charts.

Here's the entire series in the recommended reading order:

• Nautical Chart Types Explained
• Ultimate Guide to Nautical Chart Navigation
• How To Plot a Course on a Chart

William is an experienced sailor (he has sailed the world for eight years) so he really knows what he's talking about. After reading this series you will be up to speed on chart navigation. If you're currently just orienting, I will summarize each article and talk about the takeaways below.

Different types of nautical charts

The most common type of nautical charts are navigation charts , which is what most people refer to when they talk about nautical charts. You'll be using navigation charts most of the time, although there are some other types like pilot charts.

A navigation chart is like a road map, with one important distinction: road maps contain roads, nautical charts don't. Nautical charts are more like geographic maps, showing depths, ridges, islands, shallows and similar features. They also contain important landmarks you can use to determine your position.

When using a chart, you want to pay attention to the scale. Typically, you want to use the largest scale charts possible , since those contain the most details. These are called large scale charts, coastal charts, general approach charts, or harbor charts. Smaller-scale charts are only useful for planning long voyages. You have to be careful with those since they won't contain every shallow or reef.

For an illustrated overview of the different nautical chart types , I recommend reading this article on chart types .

How to use nautical charts

Using nautical charts is as easy as pie - if you know what each symbol means and how to interpret the excess of information on there. In William's Ultimate Guide to Nautical Chart Navigation , he walks you through each and every item on there, with examples so it's easy to understand.

What you'll need to know in order to navigate safely:

• Navigation basics - what basic tools we have to navigate
• How to read a chart - interpreting all the information on the chart
• How to use a chart - plotting a course

How to read nautical charts

Generally, you'll find the following information on a good chart:

• Latitude and Longitude Lines
• Scales, Depths, and Notes - tides and currents, navigational marks
• Compass Rose - indicates the orientation of the map
• Depths and Contours - small numbers that state the depth of the bottom
• Symbols, Marks and Lights - things like hazards, landmarks, lighthouses

For a detailed explanation of each of these, go read the full guide on nautical chart navigation .

Coordinates

When navigating using nautical charts, we use coordinates to indicate positions. Coordinates consist of a latitude and longitude line. Charts have a geographic coordination scale which you can use to find these lines. Top and bottom of the map show longitude. The sides of the map show lattitude.

Symbols, Marks and Lights

You can find an overview of all the symbols and marks on the U.S. master list, which you can download here:

Download the US Chart Number 1 here (pdf )

Plotting a course on a nautical chart

Now you have the right chart, next up is plotting a course on it. You can use a chartplotter, which is essentially a GPS with a map underneath which does the plotting for you. However, it's still important to learn how to plot yourself, since electronics can (and will) fail at one point or another.

Getting good at plotting takes a bit of practice and an ordered routine. Once you get it down, however, it becomes a piece of cake.

You need three basic navigation tools: a parallel ruler, dividers, and the chart itself.

How to plot a course on a chart:

• Draw a line from point A to B - using parallel rules, from starting mark to next mark
• Check the line for safety - if not, move end mark until you get a safe leg
• Measure and mark the heading - transfer the leg to compass
• Measure and mark the distance - measure the legs
• Repeat until you get there

For more explanation on these steps, please read our article How To Plot a Course on a Chart (Illustrated Guide ).

When you're ready to master chart navigation, I recommend you check out the Coastal Navigation course at our partner NauticEd. It is quite excellent. They cover chart navigation in-depth and will guide you through multiple quality exercises to make sure you really practice your new skills. It is really affordable as well.

You'll leave Coastal Navigation Clinic with an understanding of:

• The Charts and how to use navigation tools
• True north and magnetic north - and variation and deviation
• Determining your position using various techniques such as dead reckoning, running fixes and triangulation
• What to do with your GPS position to get you to your destination
• Set and drift from wind, tides and current
• How to simply determine your heading based on Set and Drift

Check out NauticEd's Navigation Clinic now .

If you're ready to start navigating but are unsure what kind of equipment you should get, you should check out my recommendations. I have previously recommended a good beginner chartplotter, handheld GPS, and boat compass.

My recommendation for a boat compass

I recommend the Ritchie Navigation Explorer (click to check current price on Amazon ) - This compass is competitively priced, good looking, simple, reliable and rugged. Bracket mount (which I like). Also called the B51, it's the all-round best compass for most people. Best bang for the buck.

If you want to read the whole review, you can read my recommendation for a boat compass here.

My recommendation for a chartplotter

I recommend the Garmin echoMAP CHIRP 54cv (check current price at Amazon ) - This chartplotter is good for both inland and bluewater sailing, and made by the best-known brand for marine navigation in the world.

If you're looking for a budget handheld alternative , I'd consider the Garmin Striker 4 (check current price at Amazon ) - This simple handheld chartplotter offers mostly the same functionalities as the more expensive echoMAP, at a really competitive price. Incredibly, it also comes with a transducer, allowing you to use echo.

If you want to read the whole review, you can read my recommendation here.

Thank You Sir how does it feel when a huge wave is about to unravel you in sea when sailing

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Navigation Instruments: A Comprehensive Guide

by Emma Sullivan | Jul 24, 2023 | Sailing Adventures

Short answer navigation instruments:

Navigation instruments are tools used by navigators to determine the position, direction, and speed of a vessel or aircraft. Examples include compasses, sextants, GPS systems, and radar. These instruments enable accurate navigation and safe travel across land, sea, and air.

Understanding the Basics: A Guide to Navigation Instruments

Introduction:

Navigation instruments are essential tools that have been used for centuries to help sailors, pilots, and travelers determine their position and navigate safely through unfamiliar territories. These devices have evolved significantly over time, embracing new technologies and innovations to enhance accuracy and reliability. In this blog post, we will delve into the fascinating world of navigation instruments, providing you with a comprehensive understanding of their basics.

1. Compass:

The compass is perhaps the most iconic navigation instrument, dating back thousands of years. Its functionality relies on Earth’s magnetic field, allowing users to determine their direction in relation to magnetic north. By utilizing a magnetized needle suspended in fluid or air, compasses remain a steadfast companion for anyone needing guidance through uncharted waters or featureless landscapes.

2. Sextant:

Once hailed as the navigators’ magic wand, the sextant has played a crucial role in maritime history. Originally created to measure the angle between celestial objects (such as stars) and the horizon, sextants allowed sailors to calculate their exact latitude at sea without relying on landmarks. In our modern age of sophisticated GPS systems, it may seem that sextants have become outdated; however, they remain indispensable for backup navigation techniques and historical enthusiasts alike.

3. GPS (Global Positioning System):

By far one of the most revolutionary inventions in navigation technology is GPS – a constellation of satellites transmitting signals worldwide to provide accurate positioning information. This groundbreaking system allows individuals to pinpoint their location on Earth’s surface with astonishing precision using receivers that interpret satellite data. Nowadays found in smartphones, cars, aircraft, and even watches; GPS has reshaped how we navigate across land, sea, and sky.

4. Nautical Charts:

Navigation would be incomplete without nautical charts – detailed maps specifically designed for marine use. Offering critical information about water depths, coastal features like rocks or reefs (obstacles that may endanger vessels), buoys, and other aids to navigation, nautical charts help mariners plan and execute their journeys safely. Mariners can plot courses, estimate distances, and calculate navigational hazards using these meticulously crafted documents.

5. Altimeter:

Often associated with aviation or mountain expeditions, altimeters are vital instruments that determine altitude above sea level. Using barometric pressure as a reference point, altimeters assist pilots in maintaining a proper flight level. Additionally, hikers rely on these devices to gauge their ascent or descent accurately during wilderness excursions. With modern technology incorporated into watches or GPS units, altimeters have become more accessible to outdoor enthusiasts of all kinds.

Conclusion:

Comprehensive knowledge of navigation instruments is essential for anyone venturing into the great unknown – be it on land or sea. Understanding how compasses guide us towards magnetic north, the historical significance of sextants in maritime exploration, the convenience of GPS systems for real-time positioning information, the importance of nautical charts for safe sailing, and the necessity of altimeters in aviation and mountaineering will undoubtedly enhance our appreciation for these remarkable tools that have shaped human exploration throughout history. So next time you embark on an adventure or find yourself pondering about navigating uncharted territories – equipped with this insightful guide – you will feel empowered to navigate with confidence and enjoy your journey to the fullest!

Step-by-Step Tutorial: How to Use Navigation Instruments Effectively

Navigating through vast oceans or unknown territories has always been a thrilling and exhilarating experience for adventurers and explorers. However, no matter how intrepid you may be, having the right navigation instruments is crucial to ensuring your safe passage and successful voyage. In this step-by-step tutorial, we will guide you through the process of effectively using navigation instruments, equipping you with essential knowledge to conquer any journey with confidence.

1. Familiarize Yourself with the Basic Navigation Tools: Before embarking on any adventure, it’s paramount to understand the fundamental navigation tools at your disposal. These include compasses, charts/maps, sextants, and various electronic devices such as GPS (Global Positioning System). Learn about each instrument’s purpose and functionalities in order to use them most effectively.

2. Master the Art of Reading Nautical Charts/Maps: Nautical charts or maps serve as blueprints for sailors and mariners alike. They portray coastlines, depths, navigational aids, hazards, and other important details required for safe sailing. Start by learning how to decipher chart symbols and legends accurately. Understanding latitude/longitude coordinates and geographic projections will greatly facilitate your journey planning process.

3. Get Acquainted with Compasses – Your True North: The compass is a sailor’s trusted ally when it comes to determining true north – a vital reference point while navigating at sea. Learn how magnetic variations affect compass readings by studying local variation charts specific to your area of travel. It’s essential to know both true north (geographical) and magnetic north (compass) headings in order to plot accurate courses on your chart.

4. Grasp Celestial Navigation using Sextants (For Traditionalists): Celestial navigation is an ancient art that involves measuring celestial bodies’ angles above the horizon using a sextant—a vital skill in pre-digital navigation eras. Acquiring proficiency in sextant usage, star identification, and mathematical calculations will set you apart as a master navigator. Although not essential in today’s digital age, these traditional skills offer a deeper understanding of navigation principles.

5. Harness the Power of Electronic Navigation Devices: In modern times, electronic gadgets have revolutionized navigation. GPS devices provide precise positioning information, allowing sailors to plot accurate courses and navigate efficiently. Familiarize yourself with the functionalities of your chosen GPS instrument, including route planning, waypoint setting, and tracking features to optimize your sailing experience.

6. Continuously Monitor Weather Conditions and Adjust Course if Necessary: While owning superior navigation instruments is crucial for safe voyages, never underestimate the impact of weather conditions on your journey. Keep a vigilant eye on weather forecasts and be prepared to adapt your planned routes accordingly to avoid potential hazards like storms or heavy currents.

7. Practice Regular Checking and Calibration of Navigation Tools: Navigation instruments require regular maintenance and calibration to ensure accuracy during use. Periodically check your compass for air bubbles or deviations caused by nearby metallic objects that can affect its readings. Similarly, update electronic charts in GPS devices to maintain accurate mapping information as coastlines change over time.

8. Never Rely Solely on One Instrument: No matter how technologically advanced our devices are today, it’s always advisable to cross-reference multiple navigation tools simultaneously for increased reliability and safety. Relying solely on one instrument may lead to disastrous consequences in case of mechanical failure or unforeseen malfunctions.

9. Keep Enhancing Your Navigational Skills: Navigation is both an art and science that demands continuous learning and practice for mastery. Attend workshops or online courses where seasoned navigators share their expertise, learn about new advancements in navigation technology, or join sailing communities that foster knowledge exchange among enthusiasts — all in pursuit of becoming a consummate navigator.

10. Embrace Mistakes as Opportunities for Learning: Remember that even the most experienced navigators encounter occasional errors or challenges. Embrace these moments as valuable learning opportunities, further honing your skills and decision-making abilities in real-world situations. With time and commitment, you will become an expert navigator capable of handling any maritime adventure.

By following this step-by-step tutorial on effectively using navigation instruments, you are now equipped to navigate the open waters skillfully and confidently. The combination of traditional techniques with modern technology empowers you to embark on unforgettable journeys while ensuring your safety remains paramount. So hoist your sails, set your course, and seize every opportunity that lies beyond the horizon!

Frequently Asked Questions about Navigation Instruments Answered

Navigation instruments play a crucial role in ensuring accurate and safe travels on land, sea, and air. Whether you’re an experienced navigator or just starting to delve into the world of navigation, you may have some burning questions about these essential tools. In this blog post, we aim to provide detailed answers that are not only professional but also delivered with a touch of wit and cleverness. So, let’s dive in!

1. What are navigation instruments?

Navigation instruments are devices or tools used to determine the position, direction, speed, and other vital information needed for successful navigation. They range from basic compasses to advanced systems like GPS (Global Positioning System) receivers.

2. How does a compass work?

Ah, the trusty compass! This handheld wonder relies on Earth’s magnetic field to indicate directions accurately. It consists of a magnetic needle that aligns itself with the North Magnetic Pole. By referring to this needle’s orientation relative to commonly known directions (such as North, South, East, and West), navigators can find their way.

3. Can I solely rely on GPS for navigation?

While GPS technology has revolutionized navigation by providing precise positioning information using satellite signals, relying solely on it isn’t always advisable – especially in remote areas with weak signal coverage or during unforeseen technical glitches. Hence, it’s wise to have backup navigation tools such as maps and compasses handy.

4. What is an ECDIS system?

Ahoy sailors! The Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) is a digital marvel designed specifically for maritime navigation. It replaces traditional paper charts by digitally displaying nautical charts along with real-time vessel information like position, course data, weather updates – even alarms in case of potential dangers!

5. Why do pilots still need altimeters?

Imagine soaring through the skies without an altitude reference – oh my! While modern aircraft have advanced avionics systems, pilots still rely on altimeters to measure their altitude above sea level. This helps them maintain a safe flight level and adhere to air traffic control instructions.

6. Are sextants still used in modern navigation?

Ah, the noteworthy sextant! While it may seem like a relic from sailing ships of old, this clever instrument still finds use in certain niche navigation scenarios. For instance, when GPS signals are unavailable or compromised, celestial navigation using the stars can be a backup method – and that’s where the trusty sextant shines!

7. How does radar work for navigation?

Radar stands as an essential tool for mariners and air navigators alike. It uses radio waves to detect objects at various distances, providing information on their position and movement relative to your vessel or aircraft. It helps spot potential hazards like other boats or bad weather conditions – keeping you away from trouble!

So there you have it – some frequently asked questions about navigation instruments answered with flair! Whether you navigate by land, sea, or air, understanding these tools’ workings is vital for confident travels. Remember to always be prepared with backup options and keep exploring the fascinating world of navigation instruments!

Exploring the Different Types of Navigation Instruments for Various Applications

In today’s rapidly advancing world, navigation has become an essential part of our lives. Whether we’re driving on unfamiliar roads, exploring new territories, or even venturing into uncharted waters, having the right navigation instrument can make all the difference. With a wide variety of options available in the market, it’s important to understand the different types of navigation instruments and their specific applications.

1. GPS Systems: Global Positioning System (GPS) devices have revolutionized navigation with their ability to pinpoint exact locations using satellite signals. These systems come in various forms, from standalone handheld devices to built-in car navigation systems. GPS has become indispensable for road travel as it provides real-time information about routes, traffic conditions, and points of interest along the way.

2. Compasses: Although compasses have been around for centuries, they remain a reliable tool for navigation in both land and sea environments. Magnetic compasses work based on Earth’s magnetic field and are commonly used for basic directional guidance. On the other hand, gyroscopic compasses utilize spinning gyros to provide more accurate readings and are commonly found on ships and aircraft.

3. Sextants: Stepping back in time a bit, sextants were traditionally used by mariners for celestial navigation before the advent of electronic systems. These elegant instruments measure angles between celestial bodies and the horizon to determine one’s position at sea. While sextants may not be prevalent today due to technological advancements, they still hold significance in certain niche applications like sailing competitions or historical reenactments.

4. Sonar Systems: Underwater navigation demands specialized equipment due to limited visibility and unique challenges presented by varying depths and underwater obstacles. Sonar systems use sound waves to map underwater features such as reefs or submerged structures accurately. This technology is extensively utilized in bathymetric surveys, marine research expeditions, submarine operations, fishing vessels seeking schools of fish, or recreational divers exploring wrecks.

5.Radar Systems: In aviation, radar systems take center stage for navigation purposes. Utilizing radio waves, radar instruments paint a detailed picture of the aircraft’s surroundings by detecting objects like other aircraft, weather systems, or terrain. These systems are crucial for safe and efficient air travel, providing pilots with valuable information to make informed decisions during takeoff, landing, or flying through adverse weather conditions.

6. Altimeters: Altimeters are essential tools for measuring altitude above sea level accurately. They are commonly found on aircraft and mountaineering devices helping climbers navigate their way through varying terrains with precision. Modern altimeters feature barometric sensors that can read atmospheric pressure changes corresponding to altitude variations.

Navigating in today’s world has become synonymous with technological innovation and accuracy. Depending on your specific requirements and application, selecting the right navigation instrument is crucial. Whether it’s GPS systems for road trips, compasses for wilderness adventures, sonar systems for deep-sea exploration, radars for safe aviation travel, sextants for historical endeavors or altimeters to conquer new heights – understanding the different types of navigation instruments will undoubtedly help you choose the one that suits your needs best.

Remember that regardless of the technology at hand, no navigation system is foolproof! A witty quote attributed to Albert Einstein sums it up perfectly: “The only source of knowledge is experience.” So go out there and explore while relying on trusted navigation instruments to guide you along the way!

Mastering Navigation Techniques: Tips and Tricks with Navigation Instruments

Navigating through the vast expanse of the world’s oceans has always been a fascinating endeavor for humans. From ancient mariners relying on the stars to modern sailors harnessing advanced technology, navigation instruments have played a crucial role in guiding ships to their destinations. In this blog post, we will delve into the art of mastering navigation techniques with various instruments, offering you a treasure trove of tips and tricks.

1. The Magnetic Compass: A Timeless Tool The magnetic compass is perhaps the most iconic navigation instrument, standing as a testament to centuries of seafaring exploration. Understanding its magnetism-based operation is essential for any aspiring navigator. Remember, the needle points towards magnetic north rather than true north due to declination, so be sure to account for this discrepancy when plotting your course. Additionally, ensure that your compass remains away from metallic objects that could interfere with its accuracy.

2. GPS: Global Positioning Systems Unleashed In our technologically advanced era, Global Positioning Systems (GPS) have revolutionized navigation by marrying satellites and receivers to provide precise positioning data anywhere on Earth. To master GPS navigation, familiarize yourself with satellite signals and maintain proper signal reception by avoiding obstructions such as tall buildings or dense foliage at all costs. Also, remember that occasionally recalibrating your GPS device helps minimize potential inaccuracies caused by satellite drift over time.

3. Nautical Charts: Your Trusty Cartographic Companions Nautical charts serve as indispensable companions when navigating uncharted waters or trying to avoid unseen dangers beneath the surface of familiar seas. Skilled navigators know how to interpret depths marked on charts using soundings while factoring in tides and currents for precise maneuvering through treacherous areas like narrow channels or rocky coastlines.

4. Sextant: Celestial Navigation Unveiled For adventurers seeking an ancient method of navigation, the sextant takes center stage. This elegant instrument allows you to measure celestial angles and determine your latitude and longitude with remarkable accuracy. Enhance your understanding of celestial bodies’ positions while mastering timekeeping techniques to unlock the full potential of this archaic yet timeless tool.

5. Electronic Chart Plotter: A Modern Navigator’s Best Friend As technology continues to advance, electronic chart plotters have become invaluable assets for sailors. These sophisticated devices combine GPS inputs with digital nautical charts to display real-time vessel positions accurately. To make the most of this tool, learn how to customize your screen to show vital information such as waypoints, routes, and radar overlays effectively.

6. Radar: Paving Your Way in Low-Visibility Scenarios When fog blankets the seas or darkness engulfs your surroundings, radar becomes an indispensable ally for navigators. Mastering radar operation means understanding different radar displays like relative motion or north-up mode while skillfully interpreting blips on screens and understanding their significance – be it other ships, landmarks, or obstacles ahead.

7. Depth Sounder: Navigating Ocean Depths with Confidence As much as sailing often occurs on seemingly endless waters, knowledge of depth beneath is crucial when avoiding shallow areas or submerged hazards. Understanding depth sounders helps you grasp sonar principles accurately while differentiating between echoes from bottom terrain and other anomalies like whales or debris under the surface.

In conclusion, mastering navigation techniques is a multifaceted art that combines traditional wisdom with modern technological prowess. By gaining expertise in these various instruments – be it using a magnetic compass for orienteering or utilizing GPS for accurate positioning – every aspiring navigator can embark on remarkable voyages confidently and explore our planet’s majestic oceans safely. So set sail aboard your vessel armed with these tips and tricks; let the wonders of navigation instruments guide you towards new horizons!

Navigating with Confidence: Enhance Your Skills Using Essential Navigation Instruments

Embarking on a journey across unfamiliar waters can be an exhilarating experience. However, without the right tools and knowledge, it can quickly turn into a daunting and disorienting endeavor. That’s where essential navigation instruments come in to save the day, offering guidance and ensuring you sail with confidence.

Let’s delve into these must-have instruments that will enhance your navigating skills like never before!

1. Compass: The age-old compass has been a reliable companion for mariners throughout history. With its magnetic needle always pointing to the North, it provides a fundamental understanding of direction, allowing you to navigate accurately no matter how dense the fog or how stormy the sea. Its simplicity and reliability make it an indispensable instrument every sailor should have at hand.

2. Nautical charts: Navigating without nautical charts would be akin to wandering in a foreign land without a map. These meticulously detailed maps depict coastal features, depths, hazards, navigational aids, and so much more crucial information for safe passage. Expert navigators understand the language of nautical charts like second nature – interpreting symbols and contour lines becomes as easy as reading a captivating novel.

3. GPS (Global Positioning System): Modern technology intertwines seamlessly with traditional navigation methods through GPS devices. These incredibly accurate systems use satellites to determine your exact position on Earth’s surface with precision that would astound ancient sailors. Pins dropping on electronic screens reveal your vessel’s location down to mere meters, making navigation increasingly accessible for all mariners.

4. Sextant: While many consider sextants relics of maritime history, this heavenly instrument still holds an important place in navigation today – especially when sailing off-the-grid or when backup systems fail unexpectedly. By measuring angles between celestial bodies (such as stars or the sun) and the horizon, navigators can calculate their latitude and longitude with incredible accuracy and self-reliance. The sextant is a symbol of the resourcefulness and adaptability that all sailors must embrace.

5. Radar: Passing through areas of reduced visibility, such as fog or heavy rain, can be nerve-wracking for any sailor. However, with radar onboard, you gain clear vision even when your eyes fail you. Emitting electromagnetic waves that bounce off objects and return to the radar unit, this instrument shows on-screen blips representing nearby vessels or potential hazards – serving as a guardian angel in challenging weather conditions.

6. Depth sounder: In shallow waters or unfamiliar areas, knowing the depth beneath your keel is indispensable for avoiding groundings or other dangers lurking beneath the surface. Depth sounders use sonar technology to measure water depths, allowing navigators to chart safe paths while giving peace of mind during night passages or in murky locations where visibility is limited.

As you navigate confidently through various bodies of water using these essential instruments, remember that honing your skills takes patience and practice. Just like musicians perfect their melodies and athletes refine their techniques, mariners become masters of their craft by constantly improving their expertise in navigating and understanding how each instrument functions together harmoniously.

So next time you set sail towards new horizons, equip yourself with these invaluable navigation tools and instruments. With every stroke of a compass needle or flicker on a GPS screen, reassurance will wash over you as you confidently conquer vast oceans – knowing that timeless methods coexist harmoniously with contemporary technologies to ensure safe passage every step of the way!

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Marine Navigation: How to Navigate a Boat

How to Navigate a Boat

• Decide on your method: electronic navigation or traditional (analog) navigation.
• If using electronic navigation, start by operating your GPS or chartplotter.
• Make note of your real-time position, speed and direction of travel.
• To get from point "A" to point "B," create a waypoint.
• String waypoints together to create a route; utilize auto-pilot when applicable.
• For traditional navigation, use: a compass, charters, parallel rulers and dividers.
• Stay within sight of land and use major landmarks as points of reference.

Electronic Marine Navigation

Thanks to modern tech, navigating with a modern GPS/chartplotter is a piece of cake. You can pull up an electronic map (though mariners always refer to their maps as “charts”), which shows your real-time position, speed and direction of travel, and more.

Locating your position is as simple as looking for the boat icon and/or GPS coordinates on-screen. To get from point “A” to point “B,” all you’ll have to do is create a waypoint.

• Depending on how advanced your chartplotter is this might mean scrolling a cursor across the chart, then creating a waypoint by pressing a button.
• In other cases you might have a touch-screen and merely need to tap the position you’d like to create a waypoint at.
• Then, you’ll want to press a “go to” button (or give the screen a swipe, as appropriate for your chartplotter).
• With the navigation from your present position to the waypoint then initiated, the chartplotter will give you a compass course to steer. Most chartplotters also have one or more “steering screens” to choose from, which will display both the desired compass course and the one you’re currently following.
• Use the chartplotter menu to pull this steering screen up, and you’re ready to follow the unit as you steer an accurate course to the waypoint. You can also plot in multiple waypoints and string them together, into a “route.” 

The most important thing about creating waypoints and routes and then navigating to them is to look closely at the chart, and make sure you won’t be trying to cross any major obstructions like a finger of land, restricted areas, or waters which may not afford your boat it’s minimum draft (how much water your boat needs to avoid running aground).

There are many other electronic items that assist in navigation, like radar  and autopilots . But these are naturally a bit more advanced. What about using a navigational app on your cell phone? There are a number that can prove helpful to boaters, including a wide range of iOS boating apps and Android boating apps .

However, boats and cell phones don’t always mix well; the moist environment and risk of shock damage are ever-present, and cell phone coverage can be sketchy or non-existent in many boating areas. As a result, you should never rely completely on a cell phone for navigating a boat.

Traditional Marine Navigation

Electronics can and do fail, so it’s also important to gain a basic understanding of the tools you need for analog navigation, and keep them aboard your boat at all times. These include:

• Charts for the waterways you travel

Parallel Rulers

With these basics, as long as you’re within sight of land and major landmarks you can figure out where you are and where you’re going.

A compass tells you which direction your boat is heading in—north, south, east, or west – as measured in degrees relative to magnetic north. There are 360 degrees representing a full circle. Zero degrees on the compass is north, 180 degrees points south, it’s 90 degrees to the east, and 270 degrees leads to the west. So a glance at your compass tells you what direction you’re travelling in, at any given time. When you steer your boat to a specific degree on the compass to maintain a straight course, you call this your “bearing.” So if you’re cruising to a restaurant for lunch and it’s directly to your north, you’ll be steering a zero-degree bearing. If it’s to your south you’ll steer a 180-degree bearing, and so on.

Charts are simply maps of the water and waterways, with special marking for water depths, channel markers, lighthouses, and restricted areas. NOAA produces charts for US waterways which can be viewed online for free , but to get printed versions you have to purchase charts or books of charts (for larger areas) from a NOAA certified agent . You can also pick up charts and chart books for your local waterway in virtually any marine supply store.

Parallel rulers are two rulers attached by a pair of swiveling arms, so you can swing the rulers close together or far apart but they will always remain perfectly parallel. By doing so repeatedly, you can “walk” the rulers across a chart. Why in the world would you want to? Because it will allow you to determine the exact compass bearing of any course you may want to steer. All charts have a compass rose with all 360-degrees printed on them. Place the ruler on top of the chart, on the course line you’d like to steer. Then walk the rulers to the compass rose, and viola—you know what compass bearing you need to steer your boat on to run the course.

Dividers have two arms that are attached at one end, and can be pulled apart to different widths at the other end. These are used to measure distance. All charts have a key which shows scale by miles and nautical miles. Hold the dividers up to the scale and pull them apart until the arms’ width equals the chart scale for a mile or any increment of miles (it’s common to see one, five, 10, or even 20 mile increments depending on the scale of the chart). With the dividers set you can then use them to measure the distance between any two points on the chart.

Marine Navigation Basic Tasks

With these tools in hand—or at the helm—you can accomplish the three most basic navigational tasks: figuring out where you are, where you want to go, and following a course to get there.

Where is Your Boat?

• To figure out where you are, look around and locate three charted landmarks like navigational aids, bridges, or water towers on shore.
• Point your compass (which means pointing your boat, unless you have a handheld compass) at them one at a time.
• Record the bearing.
• Then set your parallel rules on the compass rose so it matches the bearings and, one by one, walk them until they intersect with the landmark for the corresponding bearing and draw a line down the edge of the ruler.
• After doing all three lines, they will intersect to create a small triangle—and that’s your location.

How to Navigate to Where You Want to Go

This is just a matter of identifying your location and destination, then determining the corresponding compass bearing between the two places. Set your boat’s compass to match the bearing, and you’re ready to get underway.

Following a Course

Now that you know how to get a bearing, following the course is easy—all you have to do is steer the boat to keep the compass on that bearing. You’ll notice that keeping a boat on course can be difficult, especially with smaller, faster boats, and if you can keep your path within five or so degrees of the intended course you should consider it a job well done. Now get out there, and navigate!

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Types Of Marine Navigation Instruments, Tools And Equipment Used Onboard Ships

For centuries ships have been used for various purposes such as a means of transport, to carry cargo, and for battles, etc. Ships have been used for trade and travel since the earliest times.

Even today, ships have not lost their importance. Ships have several advantages over other means of transport such as road and air. Still, ships are not easy to use or maintain.

The oceans can be quite treacherous, and the passengers and crew of a ship need to be fully prepared in case of emergencies. Various types of modern navigation instruments, equipment, and tools are used in the current ships to help the captain and sailors in the vast and treacherous seas. , 

List of Marine Navigation Instruments, Tools And Equipment Used Onboard Ships

There are thousands of equipment present onboard a modern-day ship. Several of these are relatively new and have made it easier for a pilot to navigate through the waters. Here is the list of different types of navigational equipment used onboard modern ships explained briefly.

An ARPA or an Automatic Radar Plotting Aid is a system that is used for creating tracks with the use of radar contacts. This system can calculate the course, speed and the closest point of approach (CPA) of a tracked object. This helps to determine if the ship is in danger of colliding with another large object like an iceberg, another ship or a landmass.

ARPA allows the observers to obtain radar information reducing their work automatically.  It enables the tracking of multiple targets with high accuracy and improves collision avoidance at sea.

The ARPA is directly connected with the radar from which it receives a continuous stream of data which is then processed and displayed graphically. All this is done by a computer which does the plotting and display of the vectors of the tracked targets.

Also read: What Is A Marine Sextant?

An ATA or an Automatic Tracking Aid is quite similar to an Automatic Radar Plotting Aid. This navigation instrument is also used for creating tracks with the use of radar contacts. It displays the information about the tracked objects in the form of numbers or graphics.

This helps in creating a planned layout to make the course collision-free. An ATA allows manual acquisition and automatic tracking of multiple targets entering an acquisition area.

3. Speed and Distance Log Device

Speed and distance log device is a piece of navigation equipment used for measuring the speed and distance that the ship travels from a particular reference point.

In this manner, it becomes easy to calculate the estimated time of arrival of the ship at a particular place and this time is conveyed to the port authority. It can also be used to adjust the ETA in case of any issue of traffic at the dock.

4. Pilot Card

A pilot card is a booklet of information provided to the pilot of the ship. It consists of information about the ship such as dimension, draught maneuvering, propulsion equipment, turning circle, etc.

The main purpose of it is the safe maneuvering of the vessel. A pilot card is the first thing that a Marine pilot looks for when he is on board the ship.

5. Echo Sounder

As the name suggests, an echo sounder is a device used for echo sounding. Echo sounding is a process which is used to measure the depth of water below a ship by the transmission of sound waves into the water.

The time interval between the emission of a sound wave and the return of the pulse is recorded. This, along with the speed of sound in the water at the given time is used to determine the depth of water at the given point.

6. Electronic chart display and information system

An Electronic Chart Display and Information System or an ECDIS is a geographic system of information. It is used for nautical navigation. This system complies with the IMO or the International Maritime Organization.

ECDIS makes it easy for the crew of a ship to pinpoint different locations and get directions more easily than using the conventional nautical charts.

7. Automatic identification system

An Automatic Identification System or AIS is a system that automatically tracks the location and other statistics of ships. All this information provided by the device can be displayed on the screen or an ECDIS.

An AIS transmit and receive messages between ships with the help of VHF radio channels.

8. Long range tracking and identification system

A Long-Range Tracking and Identification System abbreviated as LRTIS is an international system established by the International Maritime Organisation  or the IMO that applies to all passenger ships, cargo ships, and mobile offshore drilling units.

This system was incorporated to ensure a thorough tracking system for ships all over the world. According to the system, the ships must report their positions to the respective flag administrations for a minimum of four times a day. In most vessels, the reports are made automatically using satellite communication.

9. Voyage Plan

As the name suggests, a voyage plan is a plan with which the ship would sail. Voyage planning is a procedure that completely describes the journey of a ship from beginning to end in detail. It includes leaving and harboring areas.

It is usually the second officer who is in charge of passage planning of the ship. Voyage planning is an important and tedious job as most of the navigational accidents are caused due to human error.

10. Rudder Angle Indicator

A Rudder Angle Indicator is a device which is used to determine the current position of the rudder blade. It provides the angle of the rudder, as the name suggests. It is installed in the control house of the bridge. The bridge provides a display to control the rate of the rudder angle of the ship.

11. Voyage data recorder

A Voyage Data Recorder or a VDR is a data recording system which is installed in the ship. It records the important events related to its operations. It also has an in-built voice recording. This device records the information for a period of at least the last 12 hours. This device is useful at times of accidents or misfunctioning of ships.

12. Rate of turn indicator

The Rate Of Turn Indicator or a ROTI indicates the rate at which a ship is turning in degrees per minute. In simple words, it shows how fast a ship is turning. It is the most important device that one could need while steering a course. This device is beneficial as it can be used for turning steadily or at a particular desired rate.

It is of two types that is digital and analog. The most commonly used is the analog type because it reads the rate of turn very fast.

13. Forecastle Bell

A Forecastle Bell is a kind of alarm that brings and provide a warning when there is fog or bad weather around the ship. It is used in case of an emergency. It is just a precautionary or warning device.

14. Maneuvering Booklet

Maneuvering booklet is a record of propulsion plan of a ship during maneuvering in different kinds of weather situations. This booklet is provided for quick reference for the pilot of the vessel. It helps the pilots get an idea of how to maneuver the ship depending upon the weather conditions and the history of the equipment of the ship.

15. Black Ball Shape

A black ball shape is a signaling shape. It is used during the daytime. It helps a pilot to determine the characteristics of a particular vessel with different arrangements of ball shapes.

These are used during the daytime because lights cannot be used. For instance, a vessel which is at anchor will show a black ball at the forward end of the forecastle. Similarly, a ship which is not under command will show to black balls in a vertical line on the main mast.

16. Record of navigational activities

It is mandatory for ships to record all the navigational activities taking place on board. The most important part of this is the log book. A log book is a record of any kind of event or events taking place on the ship during a voyage.

A log book is usually maintained by the captain or the main pilot of the ship. Every ship in the world has a log book which needs to be updated regularly.

17. Record of maintenance of navigational equipment

Record of maintenance of navigational equipment is a hard copy of did navigational equipment on board the ship. It should be readily available on the vessel for quick references. It also needs to be duly signed by the master and all the duty officers of the ship.

18. Wheelhouse Posters

A wheelhouse poster is a poster that displays all the information about the maneuvering characteristics of the ship in great detail. It is present in the navigation bridge. Every ship nice to have a wheelhouse poster.

19. Transmitting heading device

A transmission heading device is a navigation instrument used to display the details about the true heading of any ship.

20. Black diamond shape

A black diamond shape is a signal used during the day. Day shapes are signals switch to indicate the status of the vessel to the vessels nearby. A black diamond shape is a signal which is used to indicate that a ship is being towed. It is employed when a ship is unable to maneuver by itself. It helps the other nearby vessels to understand the current situation of a vessel at daytime.

21. Ship Flags

Ship flags are signals with different colors and signs on them indicating the position of the ship. They are also called signal flags. Signal flags have been in use for centuries.

22. Gyro Compass

A Gyro Compass is a kind of compass used at the time of a sea voyage. Unlike ordinary compasses, a gyromagnetic compass does not get affected by an external magnetic field. It automatically finds a geographical direction based on the rotation of the earth.

These compasses have two main advantages over magnetic compasses. Firstly, they find the true north which is more useful than the magnetic north for navigation. Secondly, they are not affected by other ferromagnetic material like the parts of the ship.

A marine radar or simply, radar is a device used to detect or measure the distance between the ship and other floating devices like other ships or even land. Radars are electronic instruments. They use a rotating antenna which sends microwave signals around the surface of the water around the ship. The reflection of microwaves helps to detect the presence of another body in the proximity to the ship.

24. Magnetic Compass

A magnetic compass is a navigation device used to find the northern direction with the help of the earth’s magnetic field. Magnetic compasses are the most commonly used type of compasses. The compass has a diagram on it that has the four direction that is North, East, West, and South marked on it. The compass has a rotating needle which points towards the north. The magnetic compass is one of the four great inventions.

25. Auto Pilot

An autopilot is a system that is used to keep a vessel on a set course without any person needing to intervene. It is an electronic or hydraulic system. An autopilot can relieve the crew of a ship from the task of steering the ship manually.

It should be noted that an autopilot cannot completely replace a human being. It can, however, assist in controlling the ship while human resources can be used for other operations like monitoring the weather or trajectory.

26. GPS Receiver

A GPS receiver or a Global Positioning System receiver  is a system which is used to display the location of the ship by using Global Positioning Satellites in the earth’s orbit.

The device is used to display the position of the ship on a map and offer directions as well. GPS is a very common system nowadays. It is also installed on our mobile phones, and it helps us find directions all over the world.

Earlier, LORAN (Long Range Navigation) system were used. LORAN was GPS precursor for ships and planes .

27. Sound Reception System

A sound reception system is a navigational aid that enables an officer to hear a sound signal coming from outside of a completely enclosed bridge. The sound signals could be foghorns from other ships.

Installing Sound reception system in every ship is mandatory. They are also sometimes installed in ships which do not have completely closed bridges.

28. Navigation Lights

Navigation lights or night lights are sources of illumination on any vessel or aircraft. They provide a good idea about a ship’s position and status. Every ship whether small or large needs to have night lights as it is a crucial part of the navigation system.

United States first introduced navigational light bulbs in 1838. The United Kingdom later adopted them in 1849. They were officially adopted internationallyby 1897.

29. Ship whistle

The horn of the ship is known as a ship whistle. It is mandatory according to the International regulations to have a whistle onboard in all the seafaring vessels. The whistle should always be in good working condition and audible.

A whistle can provide prolonged blast at appropriate time intervals. Whistles usually can be both manually or electrically operated. The whistle switches are mostly located on the bridge wings or inside the bridge.

30. Daylight Signalling Lamp

A Daylight Signalling Lamp is a device used for lights signaling at the time of emergencies during the time of the day. They were first used in the Royal Navy in the late 19th century. They are deployed for safe and secure communications during the period of radio silence. As a secondary function, they are also act as spotlights.

31. Chart Table

A chart table is a horizontal surface big enough to accommodate a chart. The table can either have a lifting top with storage space underneath or a drawer. A chart table should be kept in a place with most stability which is usually the companionway with the seat facing the front.

32. Parallel Rulers

Parallel rulers are a drafting instrument used by navigators to draw parallel lines on charts to plot direction. The tool consists of two straight rulers joined by two arms which allow them to move close or apart from each other but remain parallel at all times.

33. Logbook

A logbook is used to record position, distance run and other data. It is compulsory to keep and maintain a log book.

34. Marine Binoculars

The standard size of marine binoculars is 7 x 50. It means that it has 7 times magnification and the objective lenses are 50mm in diameter. Any more magnification with a steady view gets progressively harder beyond this.

35. Depth Sounder

Depth sounder sounds an alarm and also indicates depth when a particular depth is achieved.

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Thank you for the valuable information.A must read for every seafarers.

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30 Types of Navigation Equipment and Resources Used Onboard Modern Ships

Gone are the days when a ship navigation officer had to take help of unconventional ways to plan and navigate a voyage at sea. Today, a ship officer has myriad of marine navigation equipment which makes his life a lot simpler, thanks to the advancement in technology.  Moreover, present-day seafarers are trained so as to know the functioning and operation of all modern day navigational equipment that has made the journey at sea smoother and safer.

With modern day facilities and automation, a ship today has several advanced navigation equipment systems which give accurate data for the voyage.

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Herein, we have enlisted 30 types of navigational equipment, both old and new, which are present on all merchant ships.

1.   Gyro Compass

It is used for finding the right direction. Unlike magnetic compass, gyro compass is not hampered by an external magnetic field.  It is used to find the correct North Position, which is also the earth’s rotational axis to provide a stable directional source. Its repeater system must be present in the steering platform for emergency steering.

Read more about Gyro Compass here

Related Read: Top 3 Free Marine Compass Apps for Android Smart Phones

The seagoing vessels depend on S-band and X-band frequency radar system for navigation as it can detect targets and display the information on the screen such as the distance of the ship from land, any floating objects (an island, rocks, iceberg etc.), other vessels, and obstacles to avoid a collision. It is a rotating antenna which discovers the surrounding area of the ship.

Read more about ECDIS here .

Related Read:   15 Things To Consider While Using Radar On Ships

3.   Magnetic Compass

The magnetic compass work in conjunction with the magnetic field of the earth and is the essential means of the direction indicating device. It is used to get a planned course for the voyage. This ship navigation equipment is usually fitted at the centre line of the ship on the monkey island.  A transmitting magnetic type compass is fitted so that the output can be displayed in the bridge panel.

Related Read:  What is a Binnacle On Ships?

4.   Auto Pilot

The ship bridge layout is filled with equipment and tools used for navigation. The autopilot is considered to be one of the most effective bridge navigational equipment as it assists the human operator in controlling the ship by keeping the steering in autopilot, which allows them to concentrate on broad aspects of the operation.

It is a combination of hydraulic, mechanical, and electrical system and is used to control the ship’s steering system from a remote location (Navigation bridge).

Related Read:  10 Things to Consider While Using Auto-Pilot System on Ships

Automatic Radar Plotting Aid displays the position of a ship and other vessels nearby. The radar displays the position of the ships in the vicinity and selects the course for the vessel by avoiding any kind of collision.

This bridge navigational equipment constantly monitors the ship’s surrounding and automatically acquires the number of targets, in this case; ships, boats, stationary or floating objects etc., and plot their speeds and courses respectively. It also presents them as vectors on the display screen and constantly update the parameters with each turn of the antenna by calculating their nearest points of approach to own ship and also the time before this will occur.

6.   Automatic Tracking Aid

Just like ARPA, automatic tracking aid displays the information on tracked targets in graphic and numeric to generate a planned layout for a safer and collision-free course.

Usually, A large size target measuring 800 m or more in the circumference is considered as a landmass and not tracked. Echoes less than 800 m are deemed as targets to be tracked.

Related Read:  10 Important Things To Do During Ship Collision Accident

7.   Speed & Distance Log Device

This bridge equipment on a ship is used to measure the speed and the distance travelled by a ship from a set point. By calculating the same, ETA of the ship is adjusted or given to the port authority and agent.

8.   Echo Sounder

There are many modern ship navigation tools present on ship and echo sounder is one of the instruments which has been in the play from almost 100 years now. It is used to measure the depth of the water below the ship’s bottom using sound waves which work on the principle of transmission of sound waves and an audio pulse which will bounce off a reflecting layer, returning as an echo to the source.

9.   Electronic Chart Display Information System

ECDIS is a development in the navigational chart system used in naval vessels and ships. With the use of the electronic navigation equipment, it has become easier for a ship’s navigating crew to pinpoint locations, and attaining directions are easier than before.

Related Read:   Pros and Cons of ECDIS Or Paperless Navigation Of Ships

10. Automatic Identification system

AIS is also among the types of a navigation system which helps to pinpoint the location and other navigational statistics of ships. AIS uses VHF radio channels as transmitters and receivers to send and receive messages between ships which endeavours to fulfil a lot of responsibilities.

As per the regulation enforced by The International Maritime Organisation (IMO), all passengers’ vessels and commercial ships over 299 Gross Tonnage (GT)  sailing in the international to carry a Class A AIS transponder.

Read more about AIS here .

Related Read:  Download: The Definitive AIS Handbook

11. Long Range Tracking and Identification (LRIT) System

LRIT is an international tracking and identification system incorporated by the IMO under its SOLAS convention to ensure a thorough tracking system for ships of 300 gross tons and above which are on international voyages across the world. This maritime equipment is fitted to improve the maritime domain awareness.

Read more about LRIT here .

12. Rudder Angle Indicator

Rudder angle indicator, as the name indicates, provides the angle of the rudder. The display is provided on the navigation bridge equipment console so that the ship navigation officer can control the rate of turn and rudder angle of the ship. The indication is also provided in the bridge wing and engine control room.

Related Read:  How Does A Rudder Help In Turning A Ship?

13. Voyage Data Recorder

A VDR or voyage data recorder is a crucial instrument among the ship navigation equipment list which is installed on a ship to continuously record vital information related to the operation of a vessel. It contains a voice recording system for a period of at least the last 12 hours. This recording is recovered and made use of for investigation in events of accidents. The importance of VDR is similar to a “black box” installed on an airplane.

Read more about VDR here .

14. Rate of turn indicator

This navigational tool indicates how fast the ship is turning at a steady rate (useful during pilotage and manoeuvring ) , normally shown as a number of degrees turned. The rate a ship is turning is measured in degrees per minute. This essential tool assists a coxswain in steering a course safely.

15. GPS Receiver

A  Global Positioning System  (GPS) receiver is a display system used to show the ship’s location with the help of Global positioning satellite in the earth’s orbit.

With the record of the ship’s positions, the speed, course, and the time is taken to cover the distance between “two marked positions” can be calculated.

Related read:   5 Best Handheld Portable Marine GPS Devices

16. Sound Reception System

This acoustic system is required for a ship with a fully enclosed type bridge. It enables the navigating officer inside the cabin to listen to the sound signals (such as fog or ship’s horn) from other ships in the vicinity. This is fitted in ships bridge equipment console and helps the navigating officer to conduct the look-out duty as per the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea.

Related read:  10 Important Points Ship’s OOW Should Consider During Restricted Visibility

17. Navigational Lights

All boats – whether big or small are required to have night lights as a part of the navigation systems. This system was introduced in the year 1838 by the United States and then was followed by the United Kingdom in 1849. In the year 1889, the International Maritime Conference was established by the United States to establish proper guidelines to prevent marine accidents. In the year 1897, these rules were officially adopted internationally. The navigation lights are one of the most critical navigation equipment needed for sailing in high seas as it enables self vessel being clearly visible to other ships in the vicinity.

Read more about navigation lights   here .

Related read:  How Maintenance of Navigation Lights is Done On Ships?

18. Ship Whistle

A ship’s horn is known as a whistle and it is generally provided in duplicate. One is driven by air and the other is electrically operated. The whistle should be both manually and electrically operational from the bridge.

Among different instruments used in difficult navigation such as bad weather, fog, poor visibility, high traffic etc., the ship’s whistle or horn helps in alerting the nearby vessels.

During an emergency, the horn is used to notify and alert the ship’s crew and other vessels nearby.

19. Daylight Signalling Lamp

They are light-signalling devices used for   emergency signalling   in the day time (and can also be used during the night). Like other emergency ship instruments, the energy source for the lamp is not solely dependent on the ship’s main power supply. Also, the lamp enclosure should be weather and seawater- proof material.

20. Pilot Card

It is an informative booklet provided to the ship’s   pilot . It consists of the dimension, draught, turning circle, manoeuvring, propulsion equipment and other navigation tools and instruments list of the vessel for safe manoeuvring.

Related Read:  What Are The Duties of Officer On Watch When Pilot is On Board Ship?

21. Voyage Plan

A voyage Plan must be present onboard for referring past voyage plans or planning a future voyage. Among the different aids to navigation carried on a ship, a voyage plan is a tool for the deck officer to ensure the safety of the ship from a commercial and legal perspective too.  It is prepared by gathering different information such as weather, meteorological, ship’s current and future cargo data, other navigational data etc.

Read more about Voyage Plan here

22. Forecastle Bell

It is used to mark the presence of the ship in fog or bad weather and sound the  alarm in case of an emergency, along with the ship’s main horn or whistle.

Related Read:  What to do When Ship Encounters Rough Weather?

23. Manoeuvring Booklet

In this booklet, the performance of the propulsion plant and the ship during manoeuvring in different weathers and situations is recorded for quick reference. The important content of the manoeuvring booklet are:

• Ships General description
• Manoeuvring characteristics in deep water
• Stopping and speed control characteristics in deep water
• Manoeuvring characteristics in shallow water
• Manoeuvring characteristics in wind
• Manoeuvring characteristics at low speed
• Additional information

Related Read:  Understanding Different Types Of Manoeuvres of a Vessel

24. Black Ball Shape

It is a day time signalling shape used to determine the characteristics of the vessel with a different arrangement of ball shapes. For e.g. a   vessel at anchor   will show a black ball at the foremost end of the forecastle and a ship not under command shows two black balls in a vertical line on her highest mast.

Related Read:   Responsibilities Of Deck Officer During Anchoring Operation

25. Record of Navigation Activities

All the navigational activities which are performed by the ship’s officers and crew using different navigation equipment on the bridge must be recorded and kept on board for ready reference. This is mandatory and the most important log book.

Related Read:  Different Entries To Be Made In Bridge Log Book of The Ship

26. Record of Maintenance of Navigational Equipment

The hard copy of all the ship navigation system and equipment list must be present as records onboard ships for ready reference of port and regulatory authorities and must be signed by master and duty officers of the ship.

Related Read:  Daily, Monthly And Weekly Tests Of GMDSS Equipment On Board Ships

27. Wheelhouse Posters

Present in the Navigation bridge, it displays detailed information of manoeuvring characteristics of the ship including turning circle, stopping and manoeuvring characteristics of the vessel.

28. Transmitting Heading Devise

Transmitting Heading Devise or THD is an electronic device which is used to display the information of the vessel’s true heading.  The THDs compliance information is provided in chapter V of the SOLAS Convention.

29. Black Diamond Shape

When the ship is being towed or when a vessel is unable to manoeuvres on itself, a black diamond shape is shown during the day time.

Related Read:  Preparations For Emergency Towing Of Ship – 10 Important Points

30. Ship Flags

Various types of ship flags with different colours and signs are used to indicate a navigation ship’s position. Signal flags are they are commonly known, have been used since the ancient times and are still used on all vessels.

These are the different bridge equipment and their uses which are installed on the ship to assist the deck officer for navigating the vessel safely. If we missed any equipment or you want to add more to the list, please comment below.

Related Read:  Understanding Nautical Flag Etiquettes

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49 comments.

Thanx mate it was a short and sweet useful info.

Appreciate ur work.

this is educating for the beginners. i guess to make this site a complete marine site, more diagrams of navigational equipment and their function should be uploaded. good work

This page is helping many maritime student to know the fundamentals of marine navigation, especially student of Maritime Management Technology (MMT). Federal University Of Technology, Owerri (FUTO), In Nigeria. I love this page, kudos to the owner..!

very informative n interesting website for student and enthuisist

This is really navigation made easy….recommended for every navigator. A must read for every seafarers…i have really learnt enough.

i really like this pages, this information helps me a lot. i am a BSMT student.

nice site but needs full navigating equipment’s update for us maritime students in Nigeria, especially for our students in federal college of fisheries and marine technology that does not have a vessel to show and teach us practical things about ships

Very usefull

IF YOU HAVE ANY MARINE NAVIGATION REQUIPMENT PLEASE INFORM US

Gud and usefull

This remains my best maritime website ever seen very rich and educating, i have recommended it to a number of my friends in Nigeria and they were glad indeed. The marine combo pack has widen my knowledge as a young practitioner and i now stand tall among my colleaques. kudos to you for a job welldone.Love you all

Thank you so much for spreading the word. Let’s know if you would want to read anything specific at [email protected] . All the best!

realy i appreciate this website. thanx he given me a lot experience about navigation

Thkx for dishing out the entics of today nav equipment for modern seafarer

Thkx for dishing out the entics of today nav equipment for modern seafarers

So much very good

Very useful site for marine inventories

Very informativ & interesting websit

very important side for marine navigation

Thang you so much all

I learned a lot of navigation type And I like it. Thanks.

Thanks for present info. Can you guide me to such manufacturers who are providing all in one navigational equipment including but not limited to, gyro, compass, echo sounder, GPS, radar and displaying all functions on one screen? Thanks and looking for response to my query.

Its quite helpful to all those involved in marine duties,am frm the nigerian navy , on my radar plotter course 1 final yaer

This information is very useful for me.i preparing for AU seamanship exam.thanku

Thank you very much.

its really great system i like this

Thanks so muc for desining, this sites ,was very useful for me , because I am employee of marin company and I need to know about all of necessary devices a ship. Sanam from Iran

It will help us to those study inBSMT.please inform us a new update.

Can anyone give any insight on what are CRITICAL Navigation Equipment as required by Offshore Vessel Management and Self Assessment (OVMSA)? Thank you.

Just to thank you, atleast l learn types of Equipment inside the Ship. I really enjoy reading.

Marineinsight is the best site to give information about various shipping equipments in marine fields. It is very useful to all people who related to marine society.

@Papu: Thank you so much for the appreciation and support. ??

What is the most reliable navigational Equipment?

it help me to defend my log book. thanks al lot

thanks for this information

@Zubair: Cheers mate ????

I think you forgot the palindrome (palinorium).

On my years it was an important equipment.

Allot of information, for real I appreciate

@Aguma: Thanks a lot. Glad the information is useful.

Great Knowledge one should better be stuck on it Navy Captain Onana Essomba /cameroon Navy

What of Navtex, Inmarsat,Binacular,sextant. Emekpa Prosper from Nigeria.

Thanks for spreading your knowledge 👍

I want to navigation ebook because I am a seaman

Hey Deepak – You can check our digital guides for the same – https://learn.marineinsight.com/eBooks/e-deck-department/

very nice but you didnt mention at GIS and MDA

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History of Navigation: Old Navigational Instruments and How They Were Used

You may be a navigational whiz in your neighborhood or a surrounding city, but what if you take a step further? Let’s face it – in an unfamiliar place, it’s easy to get lost, even with an understanding of the landmarks. To remedy this, traveling merchants and explorers alike have developed several ways to navigate, despite the challenges our vast environment poses.

Since the beginning of time, the sun has been used as a means of direction based on the time of day it signifies. Since then, we have gathered more knowledge on the positions of the moon, stars, and planets that have further enhanced our understanding. The history of navigation goes way back, and the various instruments have developed greatly. To understand how we got from looking at the sun to world globes , to Google Maps, we are shedding light on the ancient navigation tools used through the years. Let’s dive right in!

Maps and Landmarks

landmarks, on the other hand, are another common navigational instrument. Nearly everyone has used a noticeable landmark to find their way, whether it’s visible in front of them, or something that has been spoken about for generations. These are particularly useful when it comes to navigating the land, as well as some small bodies of water, but when it comes to naval navigation tools, landmarks are not particularly beneficial.

One of the most commonly known old navigational instruments is the compass. The magnetic compass was first invented in China in the 3rd century BCE, yet wasn’t utilized for navigational purposes for another thousand years.

Unlike compasses today that point to the North Pole to provide a sense of your location and direction, early compasses actually pointed to the Southern Pole – a change that developed over the years for modern users.

The Lead Line

So, how did this help with location? In some practices, a ball of animal fat in the weight could bring up material from the ocean floor, which helped knowledgeable sea experts look at the dirt and sand to understand their location.

Lead lines, and their modern alternative, the log line, are still used in some rivers and waterways today. They remain a useful tool when dealing with unpredictable and seasonal changes in the water’s depth.

The Astrolabe

Another key tool when examining the history of navigational instruments is the astrolabe.

The term astrolabe means “to take a star” or “star taker.” While it’s not known for sure where this tool originated, it grew in popularity in the Roman Empire and was used for many years. While it is not relied upon today, it is still a reliable tool, particularly for those interested in astronomy.

In later uses, the astrolabe was used beyond astronomy as a tool for sailors, and thus dubbed the mariner’s astrolabe. Sailors could use this tool by lining it up with the sun or a specific star in relation to the horizon to understand latitude vertically. This helped them determine their location while at sea.

Nowadays, we see the astrolabe used as a decoration piece, as the design can be particularly aesthetically pleasing. This tool can come in a few shapes, such as a sphere, or also as flat plates and disks. It has been made in a range of different materials, and can even come in a quadrant shape.

The Sextant

First appearing in the late 1700s, the sextant was one of the more bulky ancient navigation tools. Thankfully, through the yeast, scientists managed to create smaller versions. Primarily utilized by astronomers to measure the distance between celestial objects, that was also one of the common naval navigation tools used to record a sailor’s journey. Today, sextants are still required on both ships and planes to determine longitude and latitude.

The Pelorus

A pelorus is a navigational tool similar to a compass— but it doesn’t actually tell directions. Instead, this tool remains at the 000 degrees to align with a lubber line. With this construction, this tool was used by travelers to see if they were going in a forward direction.

It’s presumed that the pelorus was used before the compass, particularly by Polynesians who would hold it alongside the constellations to use as a navigation tool. Nowadays, this tool is used on modern boats to measure the distance between one boat and another.

From the astrolabe and compass to essential sailors’ instruments and renaissance navigation tools, humans have been finding ways to navigate our large earth since the beginning of time. And while many of these old navigational instruments may seem outdated because smartphones allow for easy directions to anywhere we can imagine, many of them are still utilized in some form today.

Some of our favorite navigational tools still prevalent are world globes and maps – a tool that not only still proves beneficial in modern society, but makes for an elevated, sophisticated decor piece, too. From classic globes to customized variations, explore our variety online today. You can also contact us and we will be happy to answer all your questions!

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